Phytotoxicity of Extracts of and on Tomato Seedling Physiology.

Phytotoxicity caused by secondary metabolites of botanical extracts is a drawback in agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of methanolic extracts of and on the germination and physiological variables of tomato seedlings. The results indicated that high doses of both extracts ( and ) inhibited tomato seed germination, while their mixture ( + ) promoted germination by 100%. At 30 days after transplanting (dat), the plant height increased by 15.4% with a high dose of () compared to the control. At 30 dat, the vigor index displayed a notable increase with + , reaching 29.5%. The root length increased with the mean dose of () at 10, 20, and 30 dat (59.7%, 15.1%, and 22.4%, respectively). The chlorophyll content increased with by 66.1% in 10 dat, 22.6% at 20 dat, and 19.6% at 30 dat. On the other hand, had a higher nitrogen content throughout the trial. produced the greatest increase in root dry weight by 731.5% and 209.4% at 10 and 20 dat. The foliage dry weight increased by 85.7% at 10 dat with and up to 209.7% with at 30 dat. The present investigation reveals the ability of the extracts to stimulate tomato growth at low and medium doses, though at high doses they exhibit allelopathic effects.