Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Division of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
Department of Research Methods in Health Promotion and Prevention, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
J Sci Med Sport. 2024 Jan;27(1):37-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.11.002. Epub 2023 Nov 11.
To systematically develop an adaptation model to reduce climate change-related health risks for outdoor athletes.
Delphi Method study.
A classic asynchronous Delphi study was conducted with a total of three survey rounds. 24 experts from the eight largest outdoor sport associations by membership in the German Olympic Sports Confederation were included as well as 24 medical experts with expertise in sport medicine, internal medicine, allergology, dermatology, infectiology, or toxicology. Based on open-ended questions, panelists were asked to consider prevention measures for sport organizations and clubs. Free text responses were analyzed by qualitative content analysis according to Mayring.
Experts recommended establishing the following eight fields of prevention measures: technical and structural measures; organizational measures; personalized measures; basic, advanced, and continuing education; concepts of action, warning concepts, and financial concepts; cooperation and coordination; campaigns; and evaluation measures.
The pyramid model presented in this study systematizes possible sport-specific adaptation measures on climate change by empirical aggregation of knowledge from scientists, sport organizations, clubs, trainers, and professional athletes. To assess the effectiveness of these prevention measures, sport organizations may incorporate them not only into broader operations but also everyday training routines.
系统开发适应模型，以降低户外运动员的气候变化相关健康风险。
德尔菲法研究。
采用经典的异步德尔菲研究法，共进行了三轮调查。共纳入德国奥林匹克体育联合会中会员数量最多的 8 个户外运动协会的 24 名专家，以及运动医学、内科、过敏学、皮肤病学、传染病学或毒理学方面的 24 名医学专家。根据开放式问题，要求小组成员考虑针对体育组织和俱乐部的预防措施。根据梅林的方法，对自由文本回复进行定性内容分析。
专家建议建立以下八项预防措施领域：技术和结构措施；组织措施；个性化措施；基础、高级和继续教育；行动理念、预警理念和财务理念；合作与协调；运动；和评估措施。
本研究提出的金字塔模型通过对科学家、体育组织、俱乐部、教练和职业运动员的知识进行实证汇总，系统地提出了针对气候变化的特定运动的适应措施。为了评估这些预防措施的有效性，体育组织不仅可以将其纳入更广泛的运营中，还可以纳入日常训练中。
