University of Wisconsin-Madison.
J Athl Train. 2021 Nov 1;56(11):1239-1251. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0725.20.
A single, widely accepted definition of sport specialization does not currently exist. A consensus definition is necessary to guide youth sport stakeholders on topics associated with sport specialization.
To develop a consensus definition of youth sport specialization and identify elements that support the construct of specialization.
Delphi study.
Directed surveys.
A consensus panel of 17 experts was created to provide a broad multidisciplinary perspective on sport specialization in youth athletes.
The final definition was developed per an iterative process that involved 4 rounds of review. A comprehensive review of the literature and expert input supported our initial proposed umbrella definition that included 6 additional elements. The study team reviewed the results after each round, and changes were made to the definition based on panel feedback.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Panel members were provided with the definition and 6 elements and then asked to rate each specific to importance, relevance, and clarity using a 4-point Likert scale.
In 4 Delphi consensus rounds, 17 experts reviewed the umbrella definition and 6 elements before consensus was reached. The umbrella definition and 3 of the initial 6 elements achieved greater than 80% agreement for importance, relevance, and clarity after the fourth round of review. The remaining 3 components did not reach greater than 80% agreement, even after iterative edits, and were removed. The process resulted in a final consensus definition: Sport specialization is intentional and focused participation in a single sport for a majority of the year that restricts opportunities for engagement in other sports and activities.
A consensus-based conceptual definition for sport specialization was developed using a Delphi method. This definition has important implications for clinicians and sports medicine professionals who support youth athletes.
目前，还没有一个被广泛接受的单一运动专项化定义。为了指导青年体育利益相关者在与运动专项化相关的主题上，有必要达成一个共识定义。
制定一个青年运动专项化的共识定义，并确定支持专项化结构的要素。
德尔菲研究。
定向调查。
创建了一个共识小组，由 17 名专家组成，以提供青年运动员运动专项化的广泛多学科视角。
最终定义是通过一个迭代过程制定的，该过程涉及 4 轮审查。对文献的全面回顾和专家意见支持了我们最初提出的包含 6 个附加要素的伞式定义。研究小组在每轮之后审查结果，并根据小组反馈对定义进行修改。
向小组成员提供定义和 6 个要素，然后要求他们使用 4 分李克特量表对每个要素的重要性、相关性和清晰度进行评分。
在 4 轮德尔菲共识中，17 名专家在达成共识之前审查了伞式定义和 6 个要素。在第四轮审查后，伞式定义和最初的 6 个要素中的 3 个在重要性、相关性和清晰度方面达到了 80%以上的共识。其余 3 个组成部分没有达到 80%以上的共识，即使经过反复编辑也是如此，并被删除。该过程产生了最终的共识定义：运动专项化是指为了在大多数年份专注于一项运动而进行的有目的和集中的参与，限制了参与其他运动和活动的机会。
使用德尔菲法制定了运动专项化的基于共识的概念定义。这个定义对支持青年运动员的临床医生和运动医学专业人员具有重要意义。
