University of Georgia, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2024 Feb 1;31(1):53-59. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000849. Epub 2023 Nov 27.
Bone accrual during childhood and adolescence is critical for the attainment of peak bone mass and is a major contributing factor towards osteoporosis in later life. Bone mass accrual is influenced by nonmodifiable factors, such as genetics, sex, race, ethnicity, and puberty, as well as modifiable factors, such as physical activity and diet. Recent progress in bone imaging has allowed clinicians and researchers to better measure the morphology, density, and strength of the growing skeleton, thereby encompassing key characteristics of peak bone strength. In this review, the patterning of bone accrual and contributors to these changes will be described, as well as new techniques assessing bone mass and strength in pediatric research and clinical settings.
This review discusses factors influencing peak bone mass attainment and techniques used to assess the human skeleton.
The rate of bone accrual and the magnitude of peak bone mass attainment occurs in specific patterns varying by sex, race, ethnicity, longitudinal growth, and body composition. Physical activity, diet, and nutritional status impact these processes. There is a need for longitudinal studies utilizing novel imaging modalities to unveil factors involved in the attainment and maintenance of peak bone strength.
儿童和青少年时期的骨骼积累对于获得峰值骨量至关重要，是晚年骨质疏松症的主要影响因素。骨量积累受不可改变的因素影响，如遗传、性别、种族、民族和青春期，以及可改变的因素，如身体活动和饮食。骨骼成像的最新进展使临床医生和研究人员能够更好地测量生长骨骼的形态、密度和强度，从而包含了峰值骨强度的关键特征。在这篇综述中，将描述骨积累的模式和导致这些变化的因素，以及在儿科研究和临床环境中评估骨量和骨强度的新技术。
本文讨论了影响峰值骨量获得的因素以及用于评估人体骨骼的技术。
骨骼积累的速度和达到峰值骨量的幅度，在性别、种族、民族、纵向生长和身体成分方面呈现特定模式。身体活动、饮食和营养状况会影响这些过程。需要利用新的成像方式进行纵向研究，以揭示获得和维持峰值骨强度的相关因素。
