California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States.
Dev Psychobiol. 2023 Dec;65(8):e22437. doi: 10.1002/dev.22437.
Cortisol expression has been demonstrated to have variation across development in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). There exists contradictory evidence for the nature of this change, and age at which it occurs, across biological sample types. Consequently, we lack a cohesive understanding for cortisol concentrations across the development of a major human health translational model. We examined hair cortisol concentrations over the first 3 years of life for 49 mother-reared infant macaques from mixed-sex outdoor units at the California National Primate Research Center. For 48 of these subjects at infancy, 1 year, and 2 years, we obtained plasma cortisol samples for response to a stressor, adjustment to prolonged stress, and response to dexamethasone injection. Hair cortisol concentrations decreased dramatically between 3 and 10 months, followed by relative stability up to the final sampling event at around 34 months of age. Plasma cortisol showed within-year consistency, and consistency between infancy and year 1. We document variability in the infant plasma cortisol samples, especially in percent change between samples 1 and 2. Our plasma cortisol results indicate that infants possess the physiological capacity to effectively inhibit the release of cortisol when stimulated, as effectively as later responses in juveniles. Age-related changes in hair cortisol parallel findings indicating a large decline in the weeks following postparturation.
皮质醇的表达在恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）的发育过程中存在变化。在不同的生物样本类型中，关于这种变化的性质和发生的年龄，存在相互矛盾的证据。因此，我们缺乏对主要人类健康转化模型发育过程中皮质醇浓度的综合理解。我们研究了加利福尼亚国家灵长类动物研究中心混合性别户外单元中 49 只母婴饲养的幼猴生命前 3 年的头发皮质醇浓度。对于其中 48 只幼猴、1 岁和 2 岁的个体，我们获得了皮质醇样本，以评估对压力源的反应、对长期压力的适应以及对地塞米松注射的反应。皮质醇浓度在 3 至 10 个月之间急剧下降，然后在大约 34 个月的最后一次采样时相对稳定。血浆皮质醇具有年内一致性，以及在婴儿期和 1 岁时的一致性。我们记录了婴儿血浆皮质醇样本的可变性，尤其是样本 1 和样本 2 之间的百分比变化。我们的血浆皮质醇结果表明，婴儿具有在受到刺激时有效抑制皮质醇释放的生理能力，就像青少年后期的反应一样有效。头发皮质醇的年龄相关变化与产后数周内皮质醇大量下降的发现一致。
