Department of Food Processing, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkiye.
Department of Food Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkiye.
J Food Sci. 2024 Jan;89(1):294-305. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.16849. Epub 2023 Nov 27.
This study aimed to investigate the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from persimmon (Diospyros kaki) calyx by deep eutectic solvents (DES) with different molar ratios. For this reason, the prepared DES extracts' total phenolic-flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl radical scavenging activity [DPPH•], Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) were investigated as a result of the experimental design and optimization study conducted for this purpose. A sonication time of 20 min was determined as the optimal condition. Under these conditions, a molar ratio of 1.9:1 (lactic acid:choline chloride) and a water ratio of 70% provided the highest phenolic/flavonoid compounds and antioxidative activity. Correlations among water ratio, molar ratio, and sonication time were determined using principal component analysis (PCA). In conditions where total flavonoid compound, FRAP, and DPPH• are high due to PCA, it can be concluded that the sonication time is at high level; on the contrary, the water and molar ratios are at low level. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted extraction using DES proved effective in persimmon calyx. Therefore, it can be recommended to use these environmentally friendly green solvents as an alternative to organic solvents in preparing extracts in various fields. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study shows the effectiveness of the ultrasound-assisted green extraction method using persimmon calyx specified as waste. These findings are compelling in the food industry in terms of consumers being now aware of green technology and the discovery that calyx is a good source of bioactive compounds.
本研究旨在探讨不同摩尔比深共熔溶剂（DES）辅助超声提取柿子（Diospyros kaki）萼中生物活性化合物。为此，通过实验设计和优化研究，考察了所制备的 DES 提取物中总酚类-黄酮类化合物和抗氧化活性（1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基清除活性[DPPH•]、铜还原抗氧化能力[CUPRAC]和铁还原抗氧化能力[FRAP]）。确定超声时间为 20 min 为最佳条件。在这些条件下，摩尔比为 1.9:1（乳酸：氯化胆碱）和水比为 70%，提供了最高的酚类/黄酮类化合物和抗氧化活性。使用主成分分析（PCA）确定了水比、摩尔比和超声时间之间的相关性。在 PCA 条件下，由于总黄酮化合物、FRAP 和 DPPH•较高，可以得出结论，超声时间处于高水平；相反，水和摩尔比处于低水平。综上所述，DES 辅助超声提取在柿子萼中是有效的。因此，建议在各个领域中使用这些环保的绿色溶剂代替有机溶剂来制备提取物。实际应用：本研究表明了使用指定为废物的柿子萼的超声辅助绿色提取方法的有效性。这些发现对于食品行业来说具有很大的吸引力，因为消费者现在已经意识到绿色技术，并且发现萼是生物活性化合物的良好来源。
