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解析 WRKY TFs 在调控植物疾病防御信号中的作用。

Unraveling the involvement of WRKY TFs in regulating plant disease defense signaling.

机构信息

School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.

Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.

出版信息

Planta. 2023 Nov 28;259(1):7. doi: 10.1007/s00425-023-04269-y.

Abstract

This review article explores the intricate role, regulation, and signaling mechanisms of WRKY TFs in response to biotic stress, particularly emphasizing their pivotal role in the trophism of plant-pathogen interactions. Transcription factors (TFs) play a vital role in governing both plant defense and development by controlling the expression of various downstream target genes. Early studies have shown the differential expression of certain WRKY transcription factors by microbial infections. Several transcriptome-wide studies later demonstrated that diverse sets of WRKYs are significantly activated in the early stages of viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Furthermore, functional investigations indicated that overexpression or silencing of certain WRKY genes in plants can drastically alter disease symptoms as well as pathogen multiplication rates. Hence the new aspects of pathogen-triggered WRKY TFs mediated regulation of plant defense can be explored. The already recognized roles of WRKYs include transcriptional regulation of defense-related genes, modulation of hormonal signaling, and participation in signal transduction pathways. Some WRKYs have been shown to directly bind to pathogen effectors, acting as decoys or resistance proteins. Notably, the signaling molecules like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene which are associated with plant defense significantly increase the expression of several WRKYs. Moreover, induction of WRKY genes or heightened WRKY activities is also observed during ISR triggered by the beneficial microbes which protect the plants from subsequent pathogen infection. To understand the contribution of WRKY TFs towards disease resistance and their exact metabolic functions in infected plants, further studies are required. This review article explores the intrinsic transcriptional regulation, signaling mechanisms, and hormonal crosstalk governed by WRKY TFs in plant disease defense response, particularly emphasizing their specific role against different biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic pathogen infections.

摘要

这篇综述文章探讨了 WRKY 转录因子在应对生物胁迫中的复杂作用、调控和信号机制,特别强调了它们在植物-病原体相互作用中的营养关系中的关键作用。转录因子 (TFs) 通过控制各种下游靶基因的表达,在植物防御和发育的调控中起着至关重要的作用。早期的研究表明,某些 WRKY 转录因子因微生物感染而呈现差异表达。随后的几项全转录组研究表明,在病毒、细菌和真菌感染的早期阶段,多种 WRKY 被显著激活。此外,功能研究表明,植物中某些 WRKY 基因的过表达或沉默会极大地改变疾病症状和病原体繁殖率。因此,可以探索新的病原体触发的 WRKY TFs 介导的植物防御调节方面。已经认识到 WRKYs 的作用包括防御相关基因的转录调控、激素信号的调节以及参与信号转导途径。一些 WRKYs 已被证明可以直接结合病原体效应子,充当诱饵或抗性蛋白。值得注意的是,与植物防御相关的信号分子,如水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯,显著增加了几个 WRKYs 的表达。此外,在有益微生物触发的 ISR 过程中也观察到 WRKY 基因的诱导或 WRKY 活性的增强,这可以保护植物免受随后的病原体感染。为了了解 WRKY TFs 对疾病抗性的贡献及其在感染植物中的确切代谢功能,需要进一步的研究。这篇综述文章探讨了 WRKY TFs 在植物疾病防御反应中的内在转录调控、信号机制和激素串扰,特别强调了它们在针对不同的生物营养型、半生物营养型和坏死营养型病原体感染中的特定作用。

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