Feng Saisai, Liu Liping, Zhang Liangliang, Xu Jianguo
School of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2023 Nov 25;39(11):4463-4481. doi: 10.13345/j.cjb.230026.
Recently, the gut microbiota-based live biotherapeutics (LBPs) development, the interaction between gut microbial species and the host, and the mining of new antimicrobial peptides, enzymes and metabolic pathway have received increasing attention. Culturing gut microbial species is therefore of great importance. This review systemically compared the construction advances of gut microbial culture banks and also analyzed the differences of methods used by research groups to give insight into the construction and enrichment of gut microbial resources. Presently, the gut microbial culture banks have included more than 1 000 bacterial species, belonging to 12 phyla, 22 classes, 39 orders, 96 families, and 358 genera. Among these, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinomycetota exhibited the greatest diversities at the species level. The sequencing data showed that there are more than 2 000 species inhibited in the human gut. Therefore, the cultured gut microbial species are far from saturation. In terms of the construction method, the stool samples were pre-treated with ethanol or directly spread and cultured in the non-selective nutritional rich medium (represented by Gifu anaerobic medium) to obtain single colony. Then single colony was further purified. Generally, a simplified isolation and culture method is sufficient to obtain the most common and important intestinal bacterial species, such as -, , , and S24-7 family strains. Finally, microbial resources with great diversities at the strain level are required for further functional research and product development. Samples covering hosts with distinct physiological status, diets or regions are necessary.
近年来，基于肠道微生物群的活体生物治疗剂（LBPs）的开发、肠道微生物物种与宿主之间的相互作用以及新型抗菌肽、酶和代谢途径的挖掘受到了越来越多的关注。因此，培养肠道微生物物种至关重要。本综述系统地比较了肠道微生物培养库的建设进展，并分析了各研究小组所采用方法的差异，以深入了解肠道微生物资源的建设和富集情况。目前，肠道微生物培养库已包含1000多种细菌，分属于12个门、22个纲、39个目、96个科和358个属。其中，厚壁菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门在物种水平上表现出最大的多样性。测序数据表明，人类肠道中存在2000多种未培养的物种。因此，已培养的肠道微生物物种远未饱和。在构建方法方面，粪便样本先用乙醇预处理，或直接涂布于非选择性营养丰富的培养基（以岐阜厌氧培养基为代表）中进行培养，以获得单菌落。然后对单菌落进行进一步纯化。一般来说，一种简化的分离培养方法足以获得最常见和重要的肠道细菌物种，如……和S24 - 7家族菌株。最后，为了进一步的功能研究和产品开发，需要在菌株水平上具有高度多样性的微生物资源。覆盖具有不同生理状态、饮食或地区的宿主的样本是必要的。
