Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022 Jan 19;79(2):76. doi: 10.1007/s00018-021-04080-6.
Probiotics currently available on the market generally belong to a narrow range of microbial species. However, recent studies about the importance of the gut microbial commensals on human health highlighted that the gut microbiome is an unexplored reservoir of potentially beneficial microbes. For this reason, academic and industrial research is focused on identifying and testing novel microbial strains of gut origin for the development of next-generation probiotics. Although several of these are promising for the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases, studies on human subjects are still scarce and approval from regulatory agencies is, therefore, rare. In addition, some issues need to be overcome before implementing their wide application on the market, such as the best methods for cultivation and storage of these oxygen-sensitive taxa. This review summarizes the most recent evidence related to NGPs and provides an outlook to the main issues that still limit their wide employment.
目前市场上可用的益生菌通常属于微生物种类的狭窄范围。然而，最近关于肠道微生物共生体对人类健康重要性的研究强调，肠道微生物组是一个未开发的潜在有益微生物库。出于这个原因，学术和工业研究的重点是识别和测试源自肠道的新型微生物菌株，以开发下一代益生菌。尽管其中一些菌株在预防和治疗许多慢性疾病方面很有前景，但针对人类受试者的研究仍然很少，因此很少得到监管机构的批准。此外，在将它们广泛应用于市场之前，还需要克服一些问题，例如这些对氧气敏感的分类单元的最佳培养和储存方法。本综述总结了与 NGPs 相关的最新证据，并展望了仍然限制其广泛应用的主要问题。
