Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Neuron. 2024 Jan 3;112(1):7-24. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.037. Epub 2023 Nov 27.
The forces of evolution-mutation, selection, migration, and genetic drift-shape the genetic architecture of human traits, including the genetic architecture of complex neuropsychiatric illnesses. Studying these illnesses in populations that are diverse in genetic ancestry, historical demography, and cultural history can reveal how evolutionary forces have guided adaptation over time and place. A fundamental truth of shared human biology is that an allele responsible for a disease in anyone, anywhere, reveals a gene critical to the normal biology underlying that condition in everyone, everywhere. Understanding the genetic causes of neuropsychiatric disease in the widest possible range of human populations thus yields the greatest possible range of insight into genes critical to human brain development. In this perspective, we explore some of the relationships between genes, adaptation, and history that can be illuminated by an evolutionary perspective on studies of complex neuropsychiatric disease in diverse populations.
进化的力量——突变、选择、迁移和遗传漂变——塑造了人类特征的遗传结构，包括复杂神经精神疾病的遗传结构。在遗传背景、历史人口统计学和文化历史多样化的人群中研究这些疾病，可以揭示进化力量如何随着时间和地点指导适应。一个共享人类生物学的基本事实是，在任何地方、任何人中导致疾病的等位基因，揭示了一个对每个人、每个地方该疾病潜在正常生物学至关重要的基因。因此，在尽可能广泛的人类群体中理解神经精神疾病的遗传原因，可以最大限度地深入了解对人类大脑发育至关重要的基因。在这个观点中，我们探讨了一些可以通过对不同人群中复杂神经精神疾病的进化研究来阐明的基因、适应和历史之间的关系。
