Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Environ Res. 2024 Feb 1;242:117756. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117756. Epub 2023 Nov 26.
Early life exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides has been linked with poorer neurodevelopment from infancy to adolescence. In our Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) birth cohort, we previously reported that residential proximity to OP use during pregnancy was associated with altered cortical activation using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in a small subset (n = 95) of participants at age 16 years.
We administered fNIRS to 291 CHAMACOS young adults at the 18-year visit. Using covariate-adjusted regression models, we estimated associations of prenatal and childhood urinary dialkylphosphates (DAPs), non-specific OP metabolites, with cortical activation in the frontal, temporal, and parietal regions of the brain during tasks of executive function and semantic language.
There were some suggestive associations for prenatal DAPs with altered activation patterns in both the inferior frontal and inferior parietal lobes of the left hemisphere during a task of cognitive flexibility (β per ten-fold increase in DAPs = 3.37; 95% CI: -0.02, 6.77 and β = 3.43; 95% CI: 0.64, 6.22, respectively) and the inferior and superior frontal pole/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the right hemisphere during the letter retrieval working memory task (β = -3.10; 95% CI: -6.43, 0.22 and β = -3.67; 95% CI: -7.94, 0.59, respectively). We did not observe alterations in cortical activation with prenatal DAPs during a semantic language task or with childhood DAPs during any task.
We observed associations of prenatal OP concentrations with mild alterations in cortical activation during tasks of executive function. Associations with childhood exposure were null. This is reasonably consistent with studies of prenatal OPs and neuropsychological measures of attention and executive function found in CHAMACOS and other birth cohorts.
婴儿期至青春期接触有机磷 (OP) 农药与神经发育较差有关。在我们的萨利纳斯母婴健康评估中心 (CHAMACOS) 出生队列中，我们之前报告过，怀孕期间居住在 OP 使用地附近与使用功能近红外光谱 (fNIRS) 在一小部分（n=95）参与者在 16 岁时的皮质激活改变有关。
我们在 18 岁时对 291 名 CHAMACOS 年轻人进行了 fNIRS 测试。使用协变量调整的回归模型，我们估计了产前和儿童期尿中二烷基磷酸酯 (DAP)、非特异性 OP 代谢物与执行功能和语义语言任务中大脑额、颞和顶叶区域皮质激活的关系。
在认知灵活性任务中，左半球额下回和顶下回的皮质激活模式改变与产前 DAP 存在一些提示性关联（DAP 每增加十倍的 β 值分别为 3.37；95%CI：-0.02，6.77 和 β=3.43；95%CI：0.64，6.22），在字母检索工作记忆任务中，右半球额极/背外侧前额叶皮质的皮质激活模式改变与产前 DAP 存在关联（β=-3.10；95%CI：-6.43，0.22 和 β=-3.67；95%CI：-7.94，0.59）。我们没有观察到产前 DAP 在语义语言任务中或儿童期 DAP 在任何任务中对皮质激活的改变。
我们观察到产前 OP 浓度与执行功能任务中皮质激活的轻度改变有关。与儿童时期暴露的关联是无效的。这与 CHAMACOS 和其他出生队列中产前 OPs 与神经心理学注意力和执行功能测量的研究相当一致。
