School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA; UMRESTTE, Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Bron, France.
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.
Environ Res. 2021 Jun;197:111055. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111055. Epub 2021 Mar 22.
Though prenatal organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure has been associated with lower intellectual quotient and behavioral disorders in childhood, factors related to later delinquency, no research has directly evaluated the impact of OPs on delinquency.
To evaluate the association between prenatal and childhood OP exposure and juvenile delinquency in Mexican-American youth in the Center for Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS).
We measured dialkyl phosphate (DAPs) urinary metabolites of OPs in two prenatal maternal samples and in five child samples collected between six months and five years of age. Youth completed delinquency questionnaires at 16 years. We examined associations of prenatal and childhood DAPs with several delinquency outcomes (n = 313) using survival and generalized linear models.
Almost 60% of youth reported delinquent acts (mostly minor), and 8% reported a police arrest. We observed largely null results of prenatal or childhood DAP concentrations and delinquency outcomes, with some isolated associations. A ten-fold increase in maternal dimethylphosphate (DM) concentrations measured after 20 weeks gestation was associated with an earlier age of first delinquent act (Hazard Ratio = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.88) and an increased Odds Ratio (OR) of having committed 1-3 or ≥4 delinquent acts, compared to the no delinquency reference group (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.01-3.08 and 2.17, 95% CI: 1.13-4.17, respectively). Higher childhood diethylphosphate (DE) concentrations were associated with a later age of first delinquent act (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46-0.97).
We did not find strong evidence of association between prenatal or childhood OP exposure and juvenile delinquency in the present cohort. There is an increasing literature that relates OP exposure to neurobehavioral impairments in childhood, and there is a need to understand long-term potential neurodevelopmental effects of early-life OP exposure.
尽管产前有机磷农药（OP）暴露与儿童时期智商较低和行为障碍有关，但与后期犯罪行为相关的因素尚未得到直接评估。
评估墨西哥裔美国青少年在萨利纳斯母亲和儿童健康评估中心（CHAMACOS）中产前和儿童期 OP 暴露与青少年犯罪的关系。
我们测量了两名产前母亲样本和五名儿童样本中 OP 的二烷基磷酸酯（DAPs）尿代谢产物，采集时间在六个月到五岁之间。16 岁时，青少年完成了犯罪问卷。我们使用生存和广义线性模型检查了产前和儿童时期 DAPs 与几种犯罪行为结果（n=313）之间的关联。
近 60%的青少年报告了犯罪行为（主要是轻微犯罪），8%的青少年报告了警察逮捕。我们观察到产前或儿童时期 DAP 浓度与犯罪行为结果之间的结果基本为零，只有一些孤立的关联。妊娠 20 周后母体二甲基磷酸酯（DM）浓度增加十倍与首次犯罪行为的年龄较早有关（危险比=1.38，95%置信区间：1.01，1.88），并且与无犯罪行为参考组相比，有 1-3 项或≥4 项犯罪行为的可能性增加（OR=1.77，95%置信区间：1.01-3.08 和 2.17，95%置信区间：1.13-4.17）。儿童时期二乙基磷酸酯（DE）浓度升高与首次犯罪行为的年龄较晚有关（HR：0.67；95%置信区间：0.46-0.97）。
在本队列中，我们没有发现产前或儿童期 OP 暴露与青少年犯罪之间存在很强的关联证据。越来越多的文献表明 OP 暴露与儿童时期的神经行为障碍有关，因此需要了解早期生活中 OP 暴露对神经发育的长期潜在影响。
