Method for obtaining reliable R-waves in fish electrocardiograms by utilizing conductivity of seawater.

A simple method for measuring bioelectric signals of fish in seawater is expected for managing the health of farmed fish and clarifying the ecophysiology of natural fish. We previously proposed a simple and unique method for measuring bioelectric signals of fish by inserting only one special internal electrode (which can be isolated from seawater) into the fish's body and by sinking an external electrode in seawater (for utilizing the conductivity of seawater). However, the proposed method could not obtain fish electrocardiograms (ECGs) with reliable R-waves in the same manner as the conventional method. In this study, we thus experimentally investigated whether the R-waves of ECGs could be observed by optimizing the insertion position of the internal electrode into the fish's body. The results of the experiment show that for four species of fish (each slightly longer than 10 cm) with different body shapes, reliable R-waves could be observed by inserting the internal electrode near the heart. We also investigated the possibility of simultaneously measuring ECGs of multiple fish by the proposed method. The results of the investigation show that the fish ECGs with R-waves of three fish could be observed simultaneously even when one single common external electrode replaced multiple external electrodes. This result indicates the advantage of the proposed method in reducing the total number of bioelectrodes compared to the conventional method for ECG measurements of multiple fish.