Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland).
Ningbo Women's and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland).
Med Sci Monit. 2023 Nov 29;29:e941560. doi: 10.12659/MSM.941560.
BACKGROUND Neonatal gut diversity is influenced by birth conditions and probiotic/antibiotic use. The gut microbiota affects brain development, immunity, and risk of diseases. Preterm infants, especially in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), have different gut flora from full-term infants, suggesting in utero microbial colonization. This study examined gut microbiota changes in 92 NICU preterm infants in China. MATERIAL AND METHODS We collected data on 92 preterm infants admitted to the NICU immediately after birth, and fecal samples were collected on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 60. We analyzed changes in intestinal bacteria through 16S rRNA sequencing, predicted the change in gut microbiota function over time, and compared the effects of main feeding modality on the intestinal bacteria of preterm infants. RESULTS At the phylum level, the top 5 phyla in total accounted for 99.69% of the abundance, in decreasing order of abundance: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes, and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the top 10 genera in terms of abundance accounted for a total of 90.90%, in decreasing order of abundance: Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Escherichia-Shigella, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus, Clostridium-sensu-stricto-1, Streptococcus, Sphingomonas, and Ureaplasma. The abundance of Proteobacteria and Pseudomonas showed a decreasing trend at first, reached a minimum at day 14, and then an increasing trend, while the opposite trend was observed for Firmicutes. The metabolic function of the bacterial community changed greatly at different time points. The abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level and Streptococcus at the genus level in formula-fed infants were significantly higher than in breast-fed infants. CONCLUSIONS Between 1 and 60 days, the gut microbiome in preterm infants in the NICU changed with changes in feeding patterns, with the main gut bacteria being from the phyla, Proteobacteria, and Pseudomonas.
新生儿肠道多样性受出生条件和益生菌/抗生素使用的影响。肠道微生物群会影响大脑发育、免疫力和疾病风险。早产儿，尤其是在新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）中，其肠道菌群与足月儿不同，这表明其在子宫内就已发生微生物定植。本研究在中国的 92 例 NICU 早产儿中检测了肠道微生物群的变化。
我们收集了 92 名出生后立即入住 NICU 的早产儿的数据，并在第 1、3、7、14、21、28 和 60 天采集粪便样本。我们通过 16S rRNA 测序分析肠道细菌的变化，预测肠道微生物群功能随时间的变化，并比较主要喂养方式对早产儿肠道细菌的影响。
在门水平上，前 5 个门的丰度占总丰度的 99.69%，依次为：变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门、无壁菌门和拟杆菌门。在属水平上，前 10 个丰度属共占总丰度的 90.90%，依次为：假单胞菌属、葡萄球菌属、克雷伯菌属、埃希氏-志贺氏菌属、未分类肠杆菌科、葡萄球菌属、梭菌属-严格梭菌 1、链球菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属和脲原体属。变形菌门和假单胞菌属的丰度起初呈下降趋势，在第 14 天达到最低，然后呈上升趋势，而厚壁菌门则呈相反的趋势。细菌群落的代谢功能在不同时间点发生了很大的变化。配方喂养组婴儿的门水平的变形菌丰度和属水平的链球菌丰度显著高于母乳喂养组。
在 1 至 60 天期间，NICU 中早产儿的肠道微生物组随着喂养模式的变化而变化，主要肠道细菌来自于变形菌门和假单胞菌属。
