Lushchak Oleh, Velykodna Mariana, Bolman Svitlana, Strilbytska Olha, Berezovskyi Vladyslav, Storey Kenneth B
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2023 Nov 6;36:100773. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100773. eCollection 2024 Jan.
In February 2022 the Russian federation started a new invasion of Ukraine as an escalation of the ongoing war since 2014. After nine years of war and the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health state of Ukrainians requires systematic monitoring and relevant action. The aim of present study was to investigate the state of mental health among Ukrainians assessing the levels of stress, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence in not displaced persons (NDPs), internally displaced persons (IDPs), and refugees abroad.
This study was designed as an online survey arranged in the 9-12 months after the start of the new invasion of Ukraine and includes sociodemographic data collection, evaluation of stress intensity by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), anxiety with General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder with PTSD Check List (PCL-5).
The sample size of 3173 Ukrainians consisted of 1954 (61.6%) respondents that were not displaced persons (NDPs), 505 (15.9%) internally displaced persons within Ukraine (IDPs), and 714 (22.5%) refugees that left Ukraine. Moderate and high stress was prevalent among 68.2% (1333/1954) and 15.5% (302/1954) of NDPs, 64.4% (325/505) and 21.6% (109/505) of IDPs, and 64.7% (462/714) and 25.2% (180/714) of refugees, respectively. Moderate and severe anxiety was prevalent among 25.6% (500/1954) and 19.0% (371/1954) of NDPs, 25.7% (130/505) and 23.4% (118/505) of IDPs, and 26.2% (187/714) and 25.8% (184/714) of refugees. High levels of PTSD (33 and higher) were prevalent among 32.9% (642/1954) of NDPs, 39.4% (199/1954) of IDPs, and 47.2% (337/714) of refugees. DSM-V criteria for PTSD diagnosis was met by 50.8% (992/1954) of NDPs, 55.4% (280/505) of IDPs, and 62.2% (444/714) of refugees. Only 7.2% of the respondents reported no or mild stress, anxiety, and PTSD levels within the sample.
The lowest stress, anxiety, and PTSD severity was observed among NDPs, with significantly higher levels among IDPs and the highest among refugees. Being forcibly displaced from the previous living area and, especially, entering a new cultural environment significantly contributes to the mental health issues caused by war exposure and witnessing.
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.
2022年2月，俄罗斯联邦对乌克兰发动了新的入侵，这是自2014年以来持续战争的升级。经过九年的战争和新冠疫情，乌克兰人的心理健康状况需要系统监测和采取相关行动。本研究的目的是调查乌克兰人的心理健康状况，评估未流离失所者、境内流离失所者和海外难民的压力、焦虑及创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患病率水平。
本研究设计为在乌克兰新的入侵开始后的9至12个月内进行的在线调查，包括社会人口统计学数据收集、用感知压力量表（PSS-10）评估压力强度、用广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD-7）评估焦虑以及用创伤后应激障碍检查表（PCL-5）评估创伤后应激障碍症状。
3173名乌克兰人的样本中，1954名（61.6%）为未流离失所者，505名（15.9%）为乌克兰境内流离失所者，714名（22.5%）为离开乌克兰的难民。未流离失所者中，68.2%（1333/1954）有中度和高度压力，15.5%（302/1954）有此情况；境内流离失所者中，64.4%（325/505）和21.6%（109/505）有此情况；难民中，64.7%（462/714）和25.2%（180/714）有此情况。未流离失所者中，25.6%（500/1954）有中度和重度焦虑，19.0%（371/1954）有此情况；境内流离失所者中，25.7%（130/505）和23.4%（118/505）有此情况；难民中，26.2%（187/714）和25.8%（184/714）有此情况。PTSD高水平（33及以上）在未流离失所者中占32.9%（642/1954），在境内流离失所者中占39.4%（199/1954），在难民中占47.2%（337/714）。符合PTSD诊断的DSM-V标准的未流离失所者占50.8%（992/），境内流离失所者占55.4%（280/505），难民占62.2%（444/714）。样本中只有7.2%的受访者报告无或轻度压力、焦虑及PTSD水平。
未流离失所者的压力、焦虑和PTSD严重程度最低，境内流离失所者的水平显著更高，难民中最高。被迫从前居住地区流离失所，尤其是进入新的文化环境，显著加剧了因战争暴露和目睹战争所导致的心理健康问题。
乌克兰教育与科学部
