College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Nat Food. 2023 Dec;4(12):1075-1089. doi: 10.1038/s43016-023-00888-6. Epub 2023 Dec 5.
Knowledge-based nitrogen (N) management provides better synchronization of crop N demand with N supply to enhance crop production while reducing N losses. Yet, how these N management practices contribute to reducing N losses globally is unclear. Here we compiled 5,448 paired observations from 336 publications representing 286 sites to assess the impacts of four common knowledge-based N management practices, including balanced fertilization, organic fertilization, co-application of synthetic and organic fertilizers, and nitrification inhibitors, on global ecosystem N cycling. We found that organic and balanced fertilization rather than N-only fertilization stimulated soil nitrate retention by enhancing microbial biomass, but also stimulated soil N leaching and emissions relative to no fertilizer addition. Nitrification inhibitors, however, stimulated soil ammonium retention and plant N uptake while reducing N leaching and emissions. Therefore, integrative application of knowledge-based N management practices is imperative to stimulate ecosystem N retention and minimize the risk of N loss globally.
基于知识的氮（N）管理通过更好地协调作物 N 需求与 N 供应，提高作物产量，同时减少 N 损失。然而，这些 N 管理实践如何有助于减少全球 N 损失尚不清楚。在这里，我们编译了来自 336 篇文献的 5448 对观测结果，这些文献代表了 286 个地点，以评估四种常见的基于知识的 N 管理实践（包括平衡施肥、有机施肥、合成和有机肥料的共同施用以及硝化抑制剂）对全球生态系统 N 循环的影响。我们发现，有机和平衡施肥而不是仅 N 施肥通过增强微生物生物量来刺激土壤硝酸盐的保留，但也相对于不施肥刺激土壤 N 淋失和排放。然而，硝化抑制剂刺激土壤铵保留和植物 N 吸收，同时减少 N 淋失和排放。因此，综合应用基于知识的 N 管理实践对于刺激生态系统 N 保留和最小化全球 N 损失风险至关重要。
