Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Policlinico of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. .
Acta Biomed. 2023 Dec 5;94(6):e2023215. doi: 10.23750/abm.v94i6.15003.
Reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex announces the end of breast reconstruction process, sometimes difficult to live for the patient, and significantly improves the perception of body image. In literature there are no studies addressing the possible influencing factors of the final rendering of areola reconstruction with tattoo. The aim of the present study was to evaluate all the factors which could influence the yield and the final result of the nipple areola complex pigmentation.
97 patients who underwent areolar tattooing between January 2018 and February 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Breast reconstruction timing and personal history, as well as surgical details were recorded.
Mean age was 52 years old (range 29-71), almost the totality of cases was women including even 2 men (one with Poland syndrome and one post mastectomy). 27 patients needed bilateral tattooing. 22 had history of adjuvant radiotherapy, 16 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 4 adjuvant chemotherapy. In the logistic regression analysis, radiotherapy resulted a risk factor for retattooing (p<0.05) while the autologous breast reconstruction resulted a protective factor for retattooing. Neo - and adjuvant chemotherapy were not statistically significant.
Tissue thickness, sex, reconstructive technique and history of radiotherapy could influence the final result in areola reconstruction with tattoo, and must be taken into account to obtain the best result, knowing when the pigmentation has to be repeated.
乳头乳晕复合体的重建标志着乳房重建过程的结束，这对患者来说有时难以接受，但却能显著改善其对身体形象的感知。文献中尚无研究探讨纹身对乳晕重建最终效果的可能影响因素。本研究旨在评估所有可能影响乳头乳晕复合体色素沉着最终效果的因素。
回顾性分析了 2018 年 1 月至 2020 年 2 月间接受乳晕纹身的 97 例患者。记录了乳房重建的时机和个人病史以及手术细节。
平均年龄为 52 岁（范围 29-71 岁），几乎所有患者均为女性，包括 2 名男性（1 名患有波兰综合征，1 名乳房切除术后）。27 例患者需要双侧纹身。22 例有辅助放疗史，16 例接受新辅助化疗，4 例接受辅助化疗。在逻辑回归分析中，放疗是再次纹身的危险因素（p<0.05），而自体乳房重建是再次纹身的保护因素。新辅助和辅助化疗没有统计学意义。
组织厚度、性别、重建技术和放疗史可能会影响纹身乳晕重建的最终效果，必须加以考虑以获得最佳效果，并了解何时需要重复色素沉着。
