Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
CellSpect Co. Ltd., 2-4, Kita Iioka, Morioka, Iwate 020-0857, Japan.
Virus Res. 2024 Jan 2;339:199294. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199294. Epub 2023 Dec 6.
Saliva is a key component of mucosal immunity, which protects the oral cavity from viral infections. However, salivary immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in terms of immunoglobulin dynamics and recognition, have not been investigated sufficiently. In this study, saliva samples were collected from individuals that received SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA against whole spike protein and S1 protein were measured. IgA against whole spike protein increased significantly following vaccination, while IgA against S1 protein did not. Of note, the IgA response was evident two weeks after the first vaccine dose and continued to rise thereafter. On the contrary, IgG antibodies against S1 increased significantly at four weeks after vaccination. These results reveal the dynamics and recognition antigens of immunoglobulins in saliva, indicating the function of IgA in the mucosal immune system. These findings may pave the way for further studies on mucosal immune response induced by vaccination.
唾液是黏膜免疫的关键组成部分，可保护口腔免受病毒感染。然而，针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2），唾液免疫反应的免疫球蛋白动力学和识别尚未得到充分研究。在这项研究中，从接种 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的个体中采集了唾液样本，并测量了针对全刺突蛋白和 S1 蛋白的 IgG、IgM 和 IgA。接种疫苗后，针对全刺突蛋白的 IgA 显著增加，而针对 S1 蛋白的 IgA 没有增加。值得注意的是，IgA 反应在第一剂疫苗接种后两周出现，并在此后继续上升。相反，接种后四周 S1 抗体 IgG 显著增加。这些结果揭示了唾液中免疫球蛋白的动力学和识别抗原，表明 IgA 在黏膜免疫系统中的功能。这些发现可能为进一步研究疫苗诱导的黏膜免疫反应铺平道路。
