Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
Nanomedicine. 2024 Feb;56:102727. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102727. Epub 2023 Dec 8.
Fracture healing is a complex interplay of molecular and cellular mechanisms lasting from days to weeks. The inflammatory phase is the first stage of fracture healing and is critical in setting the stage for successful healing. There has been growing interest in exploring the role of the immune system and novel therapeutic strategies, such as nanoparticle drug delivery systems in enhancing fracture healing. Advancements in nanotechnology have revolutionized drug delivery systems to the extent that they can modulate immune response during fracture healing by leveraging unique physiochemical properties. Therefore, understanding the intricate interactions between nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems and the immune response, specifically macrophages, is essential for therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between the immune system and nanoparticles during fracture healing. Specifically, we highlight the influence of nanoparticle characteristics, such as size, surface properties, and composition, on macrophage activation, polarization, and subsequent immune responses. IMPACT STATEMENT: This review provides valuable insights into the interplay between fracture healing, the immune system, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. Understanding nanoparticle-macrophage interactions can advance the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to enhance fracture healing, improve patient outcomes, and pave the way for advancements in regenerative medicine.
骨折愈合是一个分子和细胞机制相互作用的复杂过程，持续时间从几天到几周不等。炎症期是骨折愈合的第一阶段，对于成功愈合至关重要。人们越来越关注探索免疫系统的作用和新的治疗策略，例如纳米颗粒药物递送系统在增强骨折愈合方面的作用。纳米技术的进步使得药物递送系统发生了革命性的变化，以至于它们可以通过利用独特的物理化学特性来调节骨折愈合过程中的免疫反应。因此，了解基于纳米颗粒的药物递送系统与免疫反应（特别是巨噬细胞）之间的复杂相互作用对于治疗效果至关重要。本综述全面概述了免疫系统和纳米颗粒在骨折愈合过程中的关系。具体而言，我们强调了纳米颗粒特性（如大小、表面性质和组成）对巨噬细胞激活、极化和随后的免疫反应的影响。
本综述提供了对骨折愈合、免疫系统和基于纳米颗粒的药物递送系统之间相互作用的宝贵见解。了解纳米颗粒-巨噬细胞相互作用可以推进创新治疗方法的发展，以增强骨折愈合，改善患者预后，并为再生医学的进步铺平道路。
