Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Laboratorio Analisi, Ospedale "San Francesco", ASSL Nuoro, 08100 Sardinia, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Dec 1;20(23):7134. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20237134.
The goal of this study was to monitor the microbial biodiversity in beach sand that is heavily visited by tourists during the summer, and to determinate whether the high presence of bathers (around 5000 per day) can modify sand microbial composition.
Between 2016 and 2020, 150 sand samples were collected from nine different points at La Pelosa beach in Sardinia, Italy. Non-culturing methods were used; DNA extraction and meta-barcode sequencing were performed. All samples were analyzed with sequencing methods for 16S and ITS sequences.
Fungal genera differ on the three beaches and in the winter/summer zones. The ITS sequence showed the most common presence of during summer and in the winter. The greatest diversity was found in the dune during winter, while in other parts of the beach, there are differences between bacteria and fungi, particularly in the wash zone during the winter, with high diversity for 16S sequences but low diversity for ITS sequences.
It appears reasonable that the sands, even on non-urban beaches, should be included in health monitoring programs in addition to the waters, and that access to them should be regulated by limiting the number of bathers with the aim of reducing the presence of pathogenic fungal species.
本研究旨在监测夏季游客大量光顾的沙滩中的微生物生物多样性，并确定大量游泳者（每天约 5000 人）的存在是否会改变沙滩微生物的组成。
2016 年至 2020 年期间，从意大利撒丁岛拉佩洛萨海滩的 9 个不同地点采集了 150 个沙滩样本。使用非培养方法；进行 DNA 提取和元条码测序。使用测序方法对所有样本进行 16S 和 ITS 序列分析。
三个海滩和冬夏区的真菌属不同。ITS 序列显示，夏季最常见的是 ，冬季最常见的是 。冬季沙丘的多样性最大，而在海滩的其他部分，细菌和真菌之间存在差异，特别是在冬季的冲洗区，16S 序列的多样性很高，但 ITS 序列的多样性很低。
除了水域外，即使在非城市海滩上，沙滩也应纳入健康监测计划，并且应该通过限制游泳者的数量来管理其使用，以减少致病真菌的存在。
