IDESP, University of Montpellier and INSERM, Montpellier, France.
MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, IRD, APHM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
Allergy. 2022 Nov;77(11):3199-3216. doi: 10.1111/all.15483. Epub 2022 Sep 1.
Humans inhale, ingest, and touch thousands of fungi each day. The ubiquity and diversity of the fungal kingdom, reflected by its complex taxonomy, are in sharp contrast with our scarce knowledge about its distribution, pathogenic effects, and effective interventions at the environmental and individual levels. Here, we present an overview of salient features of fungi as permanent players of the human exposome and key determinants of human health, through the lens of fungal allergy and other fungal hypersensitivity reactions. Improved understanding of the fungal exposome sheds new light on the epidemiology of fungal-related hypersensitivity diseases, their immunological substratum, the currently available methods, and biomarkers for environmental and medical fungi. Unmet needs are described and potential approaches are highlighted as perspectives.
人类每天都会吸入、摄入和接触数千种真菌。真菌界的普遍性和多样性反映在其复杂的分类学中，这与我们在环境和个体水平上对其分布、致病作用和有效干预措施的了解甚少形成鲜明对比。在这里，我们通过真菌过敏和其他真菌超敏反应的视角，概述了真菌作为人类暴露组的永久参与者和人类健康的关键决定因素的突出特征。对真菌暴露组的深入了解为真菌相关性超敏性疾病的流行病学、其免疫学基础、目前可用的方法以及环境和医学真菌的生物标志物提供了新的认识。描述了未满足的需求并强调了潜在的方法作为展望。
