Tien Ingrid S, Johnson Amanda R, Kim Junok, Wood Jeffrey J
University of California, Los Angeles Department of Education, 300 Charles E. Young Blvd, Room 208A, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2025 Jan;55(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/s10803-023-06191-4. Epub 2023 Dec 8.
Approximately 3-4 boys for every girl meet the clinical criteria for autism in studies of community diagnostic patterns and studies of autism using samples of convenience. However, girls with autism have been hypothesized to be underdiagnosed, possibly because they may present with differing symptom profiles as compared to boys. This secondary data analysis used the National Database of Autism Research (NDAR) to examine how gender and symptom profiles are associated with one another in a gold standard assessment of autism symptoms, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule II (ADOS-II; Lord, C., Luyster, R., Guthrie, W., & Pickles A. (2012a). Patterns of developmental trajectories in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(3):477-489. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027214 . Epub 2012 Apr 16. PMID: 22506796, PMCID: PMC3365612). ADOS-II scores from 6183 children ages 6-14 years from 78 different studies in the NDAR indicated that gender was a significant predictor of total algorithm, restrictive and repetitive behavioral, and social communicative difficulties composite severity scores. These findings suggest that gender differences in ADOS scores are common in many samples and may reflect on current diagnostic practices.
在社区诊断模式研究以及使用便利样本进行的自闭症研究中，每发现一名符合自闭症临床标准的女孩，就大约有三到四名男孩符合标准。然而，有假设认为自闭症女孩的诊断率偏低，这可能是因为与男孩相比，她们可能表现出不同的症状特征。这项二次数据分析使用了国家自闭症研究数据库（NDAR），以在自闭症症状的金标准评估——《自闭症诊断观察量表第二版》（ADOS-II；洛德，C.，卢伊斯特，R.，格思里，W.，& 皮克尔斯，A.（2012年a）。自闭症谱系障碍幼儿的发育轨迹模式。《咨询与临床心理学杂志》，80(3):477 - 489。https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027214。2012年4月16日在线发表。PMID: 22506796，PMCID: PMC3365612）中，研究性别与症状特征之间是如何相互关联的。来自NDAR中78项不同研究的6183名6至14岁儿童的ADOS-II评分表明，性别是总算法分数、限制性和重复性行为分数以及社交沟通困难综合严重程度分数的显著预测因素。这些发现表明，ADOS分数中的性别差异在许多样本中很常见，可能反映了当前的诊断实践。
