Wang Shujin, Chen Xiaoping, Liu Sitong, Zhang Xiaochen, Li Yu, Shang Wei, Song Jiahui, Tian Jianwen, Li Xiaolong, Xing Libo
College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China.
Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Institute of Horticulture, Yinchuan 750002, China.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Nov 24;12(23):3959. doi: 10.3390/plants12233959.
Flower bud formation in the apple tree life cycle is associated with multiple biological processes. To explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the protein and metabolite changes in buds with different flowering capabilities, axillary buds with no flowering (Ab), long-shoot buds with a low flowering rate (Lb), and spur buds with a higher flowering rate than the Lb (Sb) were analyzed using a Tandem Mass Tag™ proteomic technique in combination with nLC-MS/MS analyses. We identified 471 (88 up- and 383 down-regulated), 459 (176 up- and 283 down-regulated), and 548 (387 up- and 161 down-regulated) differentially expressed proteins in Sb vs. Lb, Sb vs. Ab, and Lb vs. Ab, respectively, that were involved in carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid transport, and metabolism. Additionally, 110 (91 increased and 19 decreased), 89 (71 increased and 18 decreased), and 99 (37 increased and 62 decreased) metabolites having significantly different levels were identified in Sb vs. Lb, Sb vs. Ab, and Lb vs. Ab, respectively. The identified metabolites were related to amino acids and their isoforms, sugars and polyols, and organic acids, and occurred at significantly greater levels in the Sbs than the other buds. Thus, flower bud formation is a complex process that involves various biochemical materials and signals, such as carbohydrates, amino acids and their isoforms, and organic acids.
苹果树生命周期中的花芽形成与多个生物学过程相关。为了探究不同开花能力的芽中蛋白质和代谢物变化的生理及分子机制，采用串联质谱标签™蛋白质组学技术结合nLC-MS/MS分析方法，对未开花的腋芽（Ab）、开花率低的长梢芽（Lb）和开花率高于Lb的短枝芽（Sb）进行了分析。我们分别在Sb与Lb、Sb与Ab、Lb与Ab的比较中鉴定出471种（88种上调和383种下调）、459种（176种上调和283种下调）和548种（387种上调和161种下调）差异表达蛋白，这些蛋白参与碳水化合物、氨基酸和脂质的运输及代谢。此外，分别在Sb与Lb、Sb与Ab、Lb与Ab的比较中鉴定出110种（91种增加和19种减少）、89种（71种增加和18种减少）和99种（37种增加和62种减少）水平有显著差异的代谢物。鉴定出的代谢物与氨基酸及其异构体、糖类和多元醇以及有机酸有关，且在Sb中的含量显著高于其他芽。因此，花芽形成是一个复杂的过程，涉及多种生化物质和信号，如碳水化合物、氨基酸及其异构体和有机酸。
