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在苹果（Malus domestica Borkh.）中，茎弯曲通过miRNA介导的调控促进花芽形成。

Shoot bending promotes flower bud formation by miRNA-mediated regulation in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.).

作者信息

Xing Libo, Zhang Dong, Zhao Caiping, Li Youmei, Ma Juanjuan, An Na, Han Mingyu

机构信息

College of Horticulture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.

出版信息

Plant Biotechnol J. 2016 Feb;14(2):749-70. doi: 10.1111/pbi.12425. Epub 2015 Jul 2.

DOI:10.1111/pbi.12425
PMID:26133232
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4755197/
Abstract

Flower induction in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees plays an important life cycle role, but young trees produce fewer and inferior quality flower buds. Therefore, shoot bending has become an important cultural practice, significantly promoting the capacity to develop more flower buds during the growing seasons. Additionally, microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in plant growth, flower induction and stress responses. In this study, we identified miRNAs potentially involved in the regulation of bud growth, and flower induction and development, as well as in the response to shoot bending. Of the 195 miRNAs identified, 137 were novel miRNAs. The miRNA expression profiles revealed that the expression levels of 68 and 27 known miRNAs were down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively, in response to shoot bending, and that the 31 differentially expressed novel miRNAs between them formed five major clusters. Additionally, a complex regulatory network associated with auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) plays important roles in cell division, bud growth and flower induction, in which related miRNAs and targets mediated regulation. Among them, miR396, 160, 393, and their targets associated with AUX, miR159, 319, 164, and their targets associated with ABA and GA, and flowering-related miRNAs and genes, regulate bud growth and flower bud formation in response to shoot bending. Meanwhile, the flowering genes had significantly higher expression levels during shoot bending, suggesting that they are involved in this regulatory process. This study provides a framework for the future analysis of miRNAs associated with multiple hormones and their roles in the regulation of bud growth, and flower induction and formation in response to shoot bending in apple trees.

摘要

苹果（Malus domestica Borkh.）树的成花诱导在其生命周期中起着重要作用，但幼树产生的花芽数量较少且质量较差。因此，枝条弯曲已成为一项重要的栽培措施，可显著提高生长季节形成更多花芽的能力。此外，微小RNA（miRNA）在植物生长、成花诱导和应激反应中发挥着重要作用。在本研究中，我们鉴定了可能参与调控芽生长、成花诱导与发育以及对枝条弯曲响应的miRNA。在鉴定出的195个miRNA中，有137个是新的miRNA。miRNA表达谱显示，68个已知miRNA的表达水平在枝条弯曲处理后下调，27个已知miRNA的表达水平上调，并且它们之间31个差异表达的新miRNA形成了五个主要簇。此外，一个与生长素、细胞分裂素、脱落酸（ABA）和赤霉素（GA）相关的复杂调控网络在细胞分裂、芽生长和成花诱导中发挥重要作用，其中相关miRNA及其靶标介导了调控。其中，miR396、160、393及其与AUX相关的靶标，miR159、319、164及其与ABA和GA相关的靶标，以及与开花相关的miRNA和基因，响应枝条弯曲调控芽生长和花芽形成。同时，开花相关基因在枝条弯曲过程中表达水平显著升高，表明它们参与了这一调控过程。本研究为未来分析与多种激素相关的miRNA及其在苹果树枝条弯曲响应中调控芽生长、成花诱导和形成的作用提供了一个框架。

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