Bergsholm Yngvild Kristine Rochette, Feiring Marte, Charnock Colin, Holm Lene Berge, Krogstad Tonje
Department of Life Sciences and health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2023 Nov 22;12:100372. doi: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100372. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Antibiotics are drugs essential for the treatment of bacterial infections. Widespread and often improper use of antibiotics are driving the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally. A better understanding of the communicated and understood use of antibiotics as well as improved adherence to treatments are needed to meet this public health threat.
The aim of the study is to explore how knowledge of antibiotic use is collected and communicated between patients, physicians, and pharmacists, and how patients seek, understand and use available information on antibiotics in adherence to prescribed treatment.
Seven focus group interviews were conducted with community pharmacists (three groups, eleven participants), physicians/general practitioners (two groups, thirteen participants), and patients (two groups, eight participants) in Norway. Four focus group interviews were conducted offline and three online. The interview data were analyzed using systematic text condensation in a four-step, descriptive and explorative thematic analysis.
Three main themes were developed about patients' adherence to antibiotics: 1. patients' knowledge about antibiotics and AMR; 2. sources of information about antibiotics/AMR; and 3. relational communication. Patient knowledge about both antibiotics and AMR was somewhat limited, and showed considerable variation. Patients relied on the internet, chat sites, printed information, and face-to-face meetings with health professionals for information. Relational communication between patients, physicians, and pharmacists was found to be important in reducing misunderstandings.Vulnerability, limited time, and lack of communication were barriers to receiving and understanding information during patient-physician encounters. Increased knowledge about antibiotics and AMR may result in better adherence to prescribed medications.
Patients seek information about antibiotics and AMR in three arenas; digital platforms, printed material and face to face encounters. However, patients often misunderstand important facts relating to this issue. Relational communication between patients, physicians, and pharmacists was important to ensure adherence to treatment regimens. Pharmacists are encouraged to use open-ended questions and build upon the information obtained from the physician to provide patients with tailored advice and ensure proper adherence. Pharmacists' contribution is crucial in optimizing antibiotic use and combating AMR, as they are the final healthcare point of contact before treatment initiation.
抗生素是治疗细菌感染必不可少的药物。抗生素的广泛使用且常常是不当使用正在推动全球抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的出现。为应对这一公共卫生威胁，需要更好地了解抗生素的使用情况以及提高对治疗的依从性。
本研究的目的是探讨患者、医生和药剂师之间如何收集和交流抗生素使用知识，以及患者如何寻求、理解和使用有关抗生素的可用信息以坚持规定的治疗。
在挪威对社区药剂师（三组，11名参与者）、医生/全科医生（两组，13名参与者）和患者（两组，8名参与者）进行了七次焦点小组访谈。四次焦点小组访谈是线下进行的，三次是线上进行的。访谈数据采用系统文本浓缩法进行四步描述性和探索性主题分析。
围绕患者对抗生素的依从性形成了三个主要主题：1.患者对抗生素和AMR的了解；2.抗生素/AMR的信息来源；3.关系沟通。患者对抗生素和AMR的了解在一定程度上有限，且存在很大差异。患者依靠互联网、聊天网站、印刷信息以及与卫生专业人员的面对面会议获取信息。发现患者、医生和药剂师之间的关系沟通对于减少误解很重要。脆弱性、时间有限和缺乏沟通是患者与医生交流过程中接收和理解信息的障碍。增加对抗生素和AMR的了解可能会提高对规定药物的依从性。
患者在三个领域寻求有关抗生素和AMR的信息：数字平台、印刷材料和面对面交流。然而，患者经常误解与此问题相关的重要事实。患者、医生和药剂师之间的关系沟通对于确保坚持治疗方案很重要。鼓励药剂师使用开放式问题，并根据从医生那里获得的信息，为患者提供量身定制的建议，确保正确的依从性。药剂师的贡献对于优化抗生素使用和对抗AMR至关重要，因为他们是治疗开始前的最后一个医疗接触点。
