Campos-Uscanga Yolanda, Argüelles-Nava Vianey, Mejia-Castillo Aurora, Barradas-Landa Rosa Maribel, Rosas-Campos Kassandra, Narave-Moreno Mirei
Institute of Public Health, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Front Psychol. 2023 Nov 30;14:1293310. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1293310. eCollection 2023.
Physical exercise is one of the most relevant lifestyle choices for the prevention of diseases; however, participation in this type of activity remains low. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the understanding of related psychological factors in men and women.
To determine whether personality traits, emotional intelligence and negative affective are differentially related to physical exercise characteristics in men and women.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 579 physically active people (61.1% men) between 18 and 59 years of age. The Big Five Inventory (BFI-15p), Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale (EQ-i-M20), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used.
Compared with men, women exercised fewer days and minutes per week, had fewer years of participation and performed fewer different physical exercises. On the emotional intelligence scale, compared with men, women showed less stress management, adaptability and general mood but greater interpersonal intelligence. With regard to personality traits, compared with men, women showed greater openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism. In males, heightened levels of general mood and extraversion were associated to a lasting commitment to physical exercise over time. Conversely, in females, depression was negatively associated with the years dedicated to physical exercise.
Distinct approaches are essential for men and women, acknowledging the varied ways psychological factors are linked to physical exercise based on gender.
体育锻炼是预防疾病最相关的生活方式选择之一；然而，参与这类活动的人数仍然很少。因此，有必要加深对男性和女性相关心理因素的理解。
确定人格特质、情商和负面情感与男性和女性体育锻炼特征是否存在差异关联。
对579名年龄在18至59岁之间的体育锻炼者（61.1%为男性）进行了一项横断面研究。使用了大五人格量表（BFI - 15p）、简易情商量表（EQ - i - M20）以及抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS - 21）。
与男性相比，女性每周锻炼的天数和分钟数更少，参与锻炼的年限更少，进行的不同体育锻炼项目也更少。在情商量表上，与男性相比，女性在压力管理、适应能力和总体情绪方面表现较差，但人际智能更强。在人格特质方面，与男性相比，女性表现出更高的开放性、尽责性、宜人性和神经质。在男性中，较高的总体情绪水平和外向性与长期坚持体育锻炼有关。相反，在女性中，抑郁与体育锻炼年限呈负相关。
鉴于心理因素与体育锻炼的性别关联方式各异，针对男性和女性采取不同的方法至关重要。
