Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Respir Med. 2024 Jan;221:107495. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107495. Epub 2023 Dec 14.
To study if individuals with nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER) and habitual snoring are more likely to develop asthma and respiratory symptoms (i.e. wheeze, cough, chest tightness, breathlessness) than those without these conditions, and if these associations are additive.
We used data from the population-based prospective questionnaire study Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) (11,024 participants), with data from 1999 and 2011. Participants with heartburn or belching after going to bed, at least 1 night/week, were considered to have nGER. Participants reporting loud snoring at least 3 nights/week were considered to have habitual snoring. Participants were grouped into four groups by their nGER and snoring status: "never"; "former"; "incident"; "persistent". Incident respiratory symptoms were analyzed among participants without respective symptom at baseline.
Snoring and nGER were independently associated with incident asthma and respiratory symptoms. The risk of incident wheeze was increased in subjects with incident or persistent snoring (adjusted odds ratio (95 % CI): 1.44 (1.21-1.72)), nGER (2.18 (1.60-2.98)) and in those with both snoring and nGER (2.59 (1.83-3.65)). The risk of developing asthma was increased in subjects with incident or persistent snoring (1.44 (1.15-1.82)), nGER (1.99 (1.35-2.93)) and in those with both snoring and nGER (1.72 (1.06-2.77)). No significant interaction was found between snoring and nGER. A similar pattern was found for the incidence of all other respiratory symptoms studied, with the highest risk among those with both incident or persistent nGER and snoring.
The risk of developing asthma and respiratory symptoms is increased among subjects with nGER and habitual snoring. These associations are independent of each other and confounding factors. Snoring and nGER together are additive on respiratory symptoms.
研究夜间胃食管反流（nGER）和习惯性打鼾的个体是否比没有这些情况的个体更容易患哮喘和呼吸道症状（即喘息、咳嗽、胸闷、呼吸困难），以及这些关联是否具有叠加作用。
我们使用了基于人群的前瞻性问卷调查研究北欧呼吸系统健康（RHINE）（11024 名参与者）的数据，数据来自 1999 年和 2011 年。被认为有 nGER 的参与者在睡前至少每周有 1 晚出现烧心或呃逆。报告至少每周 3 晚大声打鼾的参与者被认为有习惯性打鼾。根据 nGER 和打鼾状况，将参与者分为四组：“从不”；“以前有过”；“新出现”；“持续存在”。在基线时没有相应症状的参与者中分析新出现的呼吸道症状。
打鼾和 nGER 与新出现的哮喘和呼吸道症状独立相关。新出现或持续打鼾的受试者出现新出现喘息的风险增加（调整后的优势比（95%置信区间）：1.44（1.21-1.72）），nGER（2.18（1.60-2.98）），以及同时有打鼾和 nGER 的受试者（2.59（1.83-3.65））。新出现或持续打鼾的受试者（1.44（1.15-1.82））、nGER（1.99（1.35-2.93））和同时有打鼾和 nGER 的受试者（1.72（1.06-2.77））发生哮喘的风险增加。未发现打鼾和 nGER 之间存在显著交互作用。对于研究的所有其他呼吸道症状的发生率，也发现了类似的模式，同时存在新出现或持续 nGER 和打鼾的受试者风险最高。
nGER 和习惯性打鼾的受试者患哮喘和呼吸道症状的风险增加。这些关联彼此独立，不受其他混杂因素的影响。打鼾和 nGER 同时存在时，对呼吸道症状具有叠加作用。
