Intrageneric structural variation in organelle genomes from the genus (Apiaceae): genome rearrangement and mitochondrion-to-plastid DNA transfer.

INTRODUCTION

During plant evolution, intracellular DNA transfer (IDT) occurs not only from organelles to the nucleus but also between organelles. To further comprehend these events, both organelle genomes and transcriptomes are needed.

METHODS

In this study, we constructed organelle genomes and transcriptomes for two species and described their dynamic IDTs between their nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, or plastid and mitochondrial genomes (plastome and mitogenome).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

We identified the putative functional transfers of the mitochondrial genes and to the nucleus in both species and detected two transcripts for the and genes. Additional transcriptomes from the Apicaceae species also provided evidence for the transfers and duplications of these mitochondrial genes, showing lineage-specific patterns. Intrageneric variations of the IDT were found between the organelle genomes. Recurrent plastid-to-mitochondrion DNA transfer events were only identified in the mitogenome, and a pair of mitochondrial DNAs of plastid origin (MIPTs) may generate minor alternative isoforms. We only found a mitochondrion-to-plastid DNA transfer event in the . This event may be linked to inverted repeat boundary shifts in its plastome. We inferred that the insertion region involved an MIPT that had already acquired a plastid sequence in its mitogenome via IDT. We propose that the MIPT acts as a homologous region pairing between the donor and recipient sequences. Our results provide insight into the evolution of organelle genomes across the family Apiaceae.