Yong Yushun, Wang Yulian, Wang Dawei, Yuan Xingfang, Zhang Quansheng
Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
No. 6 Geological Team, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weihai, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Feb 17;16:1550467. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1550467. eCollection 2025.
, a rare submerged angiosperm, is considered endemic to the northwestern Pacific.
This study assembled and compared the mitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (cp) genomes of to understand the organelle evolutionary patterns.
The cp genome (143,972 bp) was the second smallest within the seagrasses, whereas the mt genomes (192,246 bp) of and other seagrasses were smaller compared to those of other monocotyledons. The protein-coding genes (PCGs) in the organelle genome exhibit a strong A/U bias at codon endings, a selection-driven codon bias. The rates of nonsynonymous (Ka) and synonymous (Ks) substitutions in the mt genes of were two times higher than those in the cp genes. Additionally, 50 mitochondrial plastid DNA (MTPT) segments, totaling 44,662 bp, were identified, constituting 23.23% of the mt genome, which is significantly higher than those in most land plants. Phylogenetic analysis of 13 seagrass core cp-PCGs supported previous studies showing two genera in family Zosteraceae: and , the latter comprising and as subgenera. RNA editing was remarkably abundant in the 167 mt-PCGs and 172 in cp-PCGs, particularly in the cp genome. There are 11 different RNA editing types in the cp and 3 in the mt, most of which are C to U. Unexpectedly rare editing events, such as A to C, A to U, U to A, G to C, and U to G, have also been found in the cp.
[某种植物名称]是一种罕见的沉水被子植物，被认为是西北太平洋地区的特有物种。
本研究组装并比较了[该植物名称]的线粒体（mt）和叶绿体（cp）基因组，以了解细胞器的进化模式。
cp基因组（143,972 bp）是海草中第二小的，而[该植物名称]和其他海草的mt基因组（192,246 bp）比其他单子叶植物的要小。细胞器基因组中的蛋白质编码基因（PCG）在密码子末端表现出强烈的A/U偏好，这是一种选择驱动的密码子偏好。[该植物名称]的mt基因中非同义（Ka）和同义（Ks）替换率比cp基因高两倍。此外，还鉴定出50个线粒体质体DNA（MTPT）片段，总计44,662 bp，占mt基因组的23.23%，显著高于大多数陆地植物。对13个海草核心cp-PCG的系统发育分析支持了先前的研究，表明大叶藻科有两个属：[属名1]和[属名2]，后者包括[亚属名1]和[亚属名2]作为亚属。RNA编辑在167个mt-PCG和172个cp-PCG中非常丰富，特别是在cp基因组中。cp中有11种不同的RNA编辑类型，mt中有3种，其中大多数是C到U。在cp中还发现了意外罕见的编辑事件，如A到C、A到U、U到A、G到C和U到G。
