Clayton D J, Creese M, Skidmore N, Stensel D J, James L J
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2016 Nov;40(11):1662-1670. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.106. Epub 2016 Jun 24.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Long-term success of weight loss diets might depend on how the appetite regulatory system responds to energy restriction (ER). This study determined the effect of 24 h severe ER on subjective and hormonal appetite regulation, subsequent ad libitum energy intake and metabolism.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: In randomised order, eight overweight or obese males consumed a 24 h diet containing either 100% (12105 (1174 kJ; energy balance; EB) or 25% (3039 (295) kJ; ER) of estimated daily energy requirements (EER). An individualised standard breakfast containing 25% of EER (3216 (341) kJ) was consumed the following morning and resting energy expenditure, substrate utilisation and plasma concentrations of acylated ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependant insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were determined for 4 h after breakfast. Ad libitum energy intake was assessed in the laboratory on day 2 and via food records on day 3. Subjective appetite was assessed throughout.
Energy intake was not different between trials for day 2 (EB: 14946 (1272) kJ; ER: 15251 (2114) kJ; P=0.623), day 3 (EB: 10580 (2457) kJ; 10812 (4357) kJ; P=0.832) or day 2 and 3 combined (P=0.693). Subjective appetite was increased during ER on day 1 (P<0.01), but was not different between trials on day 2 (P>0.381). Acylated ghrelin, GLP-1 and insulin were not different between trials (P>0.104). Post-breakfast area under the curve (AUC) for NEFA (P<0.05) and GIP (P<0.01) were greater during ER compared with EB. Fat oxidation was greater (P<0.01) and carbohydrate oxidation was lower (P<0.01) during ER, but energy expenditure was not different between trials (P=0.158).
These results suggest that 24 h severe ER does not affect appetite regulation or energy intake in the subsequent 48 h. This style of dieting may be conducive to maintenance of a negative EB by limiting compensatory eating behaviour, and therefore may assist with weight loss.
背景/目的：减肥饮食的长期成功可能取决于食欲调节系统对能量限制（ER）的反应方式。本研究确定了24小时严格能量限制对主观和激素食欲调节、随后的随意能量摄入和代谢的影响。
受试者/方法：8名超重或肥胖男性按随机顺序食用一份24小时的饮食，其中一份含有估计每日能量需求（EER）的100%（12105（1174千焦；能量平衡；EB）），另一份含有25%（3039（295）千焦；ER）。第二天早晨食用一份个性化的标准早餐，其能量为EER的25%（3216（341）千焦），并在早餐后4小时测定静息能量消耗、底物利用情况以及酰基化胃饥饿素、胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）、葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽（GIP）、葡萄糖、胰岛素和非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）的血浆浓度。在第2天于实验室评估随意能量摄入情况，并在第3天通过食物记录进行评估。在整个过程中评估主观食欲。
第2天（EB：14946（1272）千焦；ER：15251（2114）千焦；P = 0.623）、第3天（EB：10580（2457）千焦；10812（4357）千焦；P = 0.832）或第2天和第3天合并（P = 0.693）时，各试验间的能量摄入无差异。第1天能量限制期间主观食欲增加（P < 0.01），但第2天各试验间无差异（P > 0.381）。各试验间酰基化胃饥饿素、GLP-1和胰岛素无差异（P > 0.104）。与能量平衡组相比，能量限制组早餐后NEFA曲线下面积（AUC）（P < 0.05）和GIP曲线下面积（AUC）（P < 0.01）更大。能量限制期间脂肪氧化增加（P < 0.01），碳水化合物氧化减少（P < 0.01），但各试验间能量消耗无差异（P = 0.158）。
这些结果表明，24小时严格能量限制不会影响随后48小时的食欲调节或能量摄入。这种节食方式可能通过限制代偿性饮食行为有助于维持能量负平衡，因此可能有助于减肥。
