Antifungal treatment of Candida peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

Nine peritonitis episodes caused by Candida sp were diagnosed in eight continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Treatment with intraperitoneal administration of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine while the peritoneal catheter was left in situ was effective in six episodes in five patients. Of the three other patients, two started again with CAPD after peritonitis had been cured, but one patient preferred to stay on hemodialysis. In four episodes, peritoneal white cell counts remained high during treatment despite negative cultures. This was probably the result of irritation of the peritoneal membrane caused by the antifungal treatment, possibly by amphotericin B. Persistently-elevated leukocyte counts during antifungal therapy, with or without signs and symptoms of peritonitis, are not necessarily an indication of treatment failure.