Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Sci Rep. 2023 Dec 21;13(1):22904. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-50154-9.
Sickness absence from work has a large adverse impact on both individuals and societies in Sweden and the costs for sickness absence were calculated to 64.6 billion Swedish kronor (approx. 5.6 billion in Euros) in 2020. Although high cardiorespiratory fitness may protect against potential adverse effects of high physical workload, research on the moderating effect of respiratory fitness in the relation between having an occupation with high physical workload and sickness absence is scarce. To study the moderating effect of cardiorespiratory fitness in the association between occupation and psychiatric, musculoskeletal, and cardiorespiratory diagnoses. Data was retrieved from the HPI Health Profile Institute database (1988-2020) and Included 77,366 participants (mean age 41.8 years, 52.5% women) from the Swedish workforce. The sample was chosen based on occupational groups with a generally low education level and differences in physical workload. Hurdle models were used to account for incident sickness absence and the rate of sickness absence days. There were differences in sickness absence between occupational groups for musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory diagnoses, but not for psychiatric diagnoses. In general, the association between occupation and musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory diagnoses was moderated by cardiorespiratory fitness in most occupational groups with higher physical workload, whereas no moderating effect was observed for psychiatric diagnoses. The study results encourage community and workplace interventions to both consider variation in physical workload and to maintain and/or improve cardiorespiratory fitness for a lower risk of sickness absence, especially in occupations with high physical workload.
在瑞典，员工因病缺勤对个人和社会都有很大的负面影响，2020 年，病假缺勤的成本估计为 646 亿瑞典克朗（约合 56 亿欧元）。虽然高心肺适能可能有助于预防高体力工作负荷带来的潜在负面影响，但关于呼吸适能在高体力工作负荷职业与病假缺勤之间的关系中的调节作用的研究还很少。本研究旨在探讨心肺适能在职业与精神科、肌肉骨骼和心血管诊断之间的关系中的调节作用。数据来自 HPI 健康档案研究所数据库（1988-2020 年），共纳入了 77366 名来自瑞典劳动力的参与者（平均年龄 41.8 岁，52.5%为女性）。该样本是根据职业群体中普遍较低的教育水平和体力工作负荷的差异选择的。使用障碍模型来解释新发生的病假缺勤和病假缺勤天数。不同职业群体之间在肌肉骨骼和心血管诊断方面存在病假缺勤差异，但在精神科诊断方面没有差异。总的来说，在体力工作负荷较高的大多数职业群体中，心肺适能对职业与肌肉骨骼和心血管诊断之间的关系有调节作用，而对精神科诊断则没有调节作用。研究结果鼓励社区和工作场所干预措施既要考虑体力工作负荷的差异，又要保持和/或提高心肺适能，以降低病假缺勤的风险，特别是在体力工作负荷较高的职业中。
