Leiter J C, Doble E A, Knuth S L, Bartlett D
Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Feb;135(2):383-6. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1987.135.2.383.
Alcohol consistently decreases genioglossal electromyographic (EMG) activity in awake men, but in women this response is more variable, possibly because of the menstrual cycle. To assess the interaction between alcohol and the menstrual cycle on genioglossal EMG activity, we measured ventilation and genioglossal EMG activity in 9 normal women before and after they drank 1 ml/kg alcohol. The effect of alcohol on ventilation and genioglossal EMG activity was studied twice in each subject: once during the follicular phase and again during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Measurements were made while the subjects breathed room air and rebreathed a hypercapnic gas mixture. The ventilatory response to CO2 was significantly greater during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Alcohol had no effect on resting ventilation or the ventilatory response to CO2 during either phase of the menstrual cycle. However, alcohol significantly decreased peak integrated genioglossal EMG activity during the follicular (low progesterone) phase but not during the luteal (high progesterone) phase of the cycle. The relative alcohol resistance of genioglossal EMG activity during the luteal phase may explain in part the low incidence of sleep-disordered breathing in premenopausal women and the benefit that some male patients with obstructive sleep apnea have derived from treatment with progesterone.
酒精持续降低清醒男性的颏舌肌肌电图（EMG）活动，但对女性而言，这种反应的变异性更大，这可能是由于月经周期的缘故。为了评估酒精与月经周期对颏舌肌EMG活动的相互作用，我们在9名正常女性饮用1毫升/千克酒精前后测量了她们的通气和颏舌肌EMG活动。在每个受试者中，对酒精对通气和颏舌肌EMG活动的影响进行了两次研究：一次在月经周期的卵泡期，另一次在黄体期。测量是在受试者呼吸室内空气和重新呼吸高碳酸气体混合物时进行的。在月经周期的黄体期，对二氧化碳的通气反应明显更大。在月经周期的任何一个阶段，酒精对静息通气或对二氧化碳的通气反应均无影响。然而，酒精在月经周期的卵泡期（孕酮水平低）显著降低了颏舌肌EMG活动的峰值积分，但在黄体期（孕酮水平高）则没有。黄体期颏舌肌EMG活动相对抗酒精的特性可能部分解释了绝经前女性睡眠呼吸障碍发病率较低，以及一些阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停男性患者从孕酮治疗中获益的原因。
