Saha Sarmistha, Rebouh Nazih Y
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia.
Biomedicines. 2023 Nov 29;11(12):3176. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11123176.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease and the primary pathogenic consequence of OA is inflammation, which can affect a variety of tissues including the synovial membrane, articular cartilage, and subchondral bone. The development of the intra-articular microenvironment can be significantly influenced by the shift of synovial macrophages between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. By regulating macrophage inflammatory responses, the NF-κB signaling route is essential in the therapy of OA; whereas, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway appears to manage the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that under oxidative stress and inflammation, there is a significant interaction between transcriptional pathways involving Nrf2 and NF-κB. Studying how Nrf2 signaling affects inflammation and cellular metabolism may help us understand how to treat OA by reprogramming macrophage behavior because Nrf2 signaling is thought to affect cellular metabolism. The candidates for treating OA by promoting an anti-inflammatory mechanism by activating Nrf2 are also reviewed in this paper.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种慢性退行性疾病，OA的主要致病后果是炎症，炎症可影响包括滑膜、关节软骨和软骨下骨在内的多种组织。滑膜巨噬细胞在促炎和抗炎表型之间的转变可显著影响关节内微环境的发展。通过调节巨噬细胞炎症反应，NF-κB信号通路在OA治疗中至关重要；而核因子红细胞2相关因子2（Nrf2）信号通路似乎在管理氧化应激与炎症之间的关系。此外，已经证明在氧化应激和炎症状态下，涉及Nrf2和NF-κB的转录途径之间存在显著相互作用。研究Nrf2信号如何影响炎症和细胞代谢可能有助于我们理解如何通过重新编程巨噬细胞行为来治疗OA，因为Nrf2信号被认为会影响细胞代谢。本文还综述了通过激活Nrf2促进抗炎机制来治疗OA的候选药物。
