Carpio-Paucar Genesis N, Palo-Cardenas Andrea I, Rondón-Ortiz Alejandro N, Pino-Figueroa Alejandro, Gonzales-Condori Elvis Gilmar, Villanueva-Salas José A
MCPHS University, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Universidad Tecnológica del Perú (UTP), Av. Tacna y Arica 160, Arequipa, Peru.
Scientifica (Cairo). 2023 Dec 18;2023:8846387. doi: 10.1155/2023/8846387. eCollection 2023.
The cytotoxic properties of two extracts from Willd. and three synthetic sapogenins were evaluated in different cancer cell lines (A549, SH-SY5Y, HepG2, and HeLa) to investigate their cytotoxic effects and determine if these cell lines activate the caspase pathway for apoptosis in response to saponin and sapogenin treatment. The saponin extracts were isolated from the agro-industrial waste of Willd., while the sapogenins were identified and quantitatively determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Among these compounds, ursolic acid was the most active compound, with high IC values measured in all cell lines. In addition, hederagenin demonstrated higher caspase-3 activity than staurosporine in HeLa cells, suggesting an anti-cytotoxic activity via a caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. HPLC analysis showed that the concentration of hederagenin was higher than that of oleanolic acid in ethanolic extracts of white and red quinoa. The ethanolic extracts of white and red quinoa did not show cytotoxic activity. On the other hand, the synthetic sapogenins such as ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and hederagenin significantly decreased the viability of the four cell lines studied. Finally, by Caspase-3 assay, it was found that HeLa undergoes apoptosis during cell death because hederagenin produces a significant increase in PARP-1 hydrolysis in HeLa cells.
评估了来自Willd.的两种提取物和三种合成皂苷元在不同癌细胞系（A549、SH-SY5Y、HepG2和HeLa）中的细胞毒性特性，以研究它们的细胞毒性作用，并确定这些细胞系是否会因皂苷和皂苷元处理而激活半胱天冬酶凋亡途径。皂苷提取物是从Willd.的农业工业废料中分离出来的，而皂苷元则通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）进行鉴定和定量测定。在这些化合物中，熊果酸是最具活性的化合物，在所有细胞系中均测得较高的IC值。此外，在HeLa细胞中，常春藤皂苷元表现出比星形孢菌素更高的半胱天冬酶-3活性，表明其通过半胱天冬酶依赖性凋亡途径具有抗细胞毒性活性。HPLC分析表明，白藜麦和红藜麦乙醇提取物中常春藤皂苷元的浓度高于齐墩果酸。白藜麦和红藜麦的乙醇提取物未显示细胞毒性活性。另一方面，熊果酸、齐墩果酸和常春藤皂苷元等合成皂苷元显著降低了所研究的四种细胞系的活力。最后，通过半胱天冬酶-3测定发现，HeLa在细胞死亡过程中发生凋亡，因为常春藤皂苷元使HeLa细胞中的PARP-1水解显著增加。
