Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Chin J Nat Med. 2020 Jun;18(6):417-424. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(20)30049-2.
In recent years, biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins in medicinal plants has been widely studied because of their active ingredients with diverse pharmacological activities. Various oxidosqualene cyclases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases, and transcription factors related to triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis have been explored and identified. In the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins, the progress of gene mining by omics-based sequencing, gene screening, gene function verification, catalyzing mechanism of key enzymes and gene regulation are summarized and discussed. By the progress of the biosynthesis pathway of triterpenoid saponins, the large-scale production of some triterpenoid saponins and aglycones has been achieved through plant tissue culture, transgenic plants and engineered yeast cells. However, the complex biosynthetic pathway and structural diversity limit the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins in different system. Special focus can further be placed on the systematic botany information of medicinal plants obtained from omics large dataset, and triterpenoid saponins produced by synthetic biology strategies, gene mutations and gene editing technology.
近年来，由于其具有多种药理活性的活性成分，药用植物中三萜皂苷的生物合成受到了广泛的研究。已经探索并鉴定了各种角鲨烯环氧化酶、细胞色素 P450 单加氧酶、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶和与三萜皂苷生物合成相关的转录因子。在三萜皂苷的生物合成中，通过基于组学的测序、基因筛选、基因功能验证、关键酶的催化机制和基因调控的基因挖掘进展进行了总结和讨论。通过三萜皂苷生物合成途径的进展，通过植物组织培养、转基因植物和工程酵母细胞实现了一些三萜皂苷和苷元的大规模生产。然而，复杂的生物合成途径和结构多样性限制了不同系统中三萜皂苷的生物合成。可以特别关注从组学大数据集中获得的药用植物系统植物学信息，以及通过合成生物学策略、基因突变和基因编辑技术产生的三萜皂苷。
