Yılmaz Birsen, Sırbu Alexandrina, Altıntaş Başar Hilal Betül, Goksen Gülden, Chabı Ifagbémi Bienvenue, Kumagaı Hitomi, Ozogul Fatih
Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2025;65(7):1326-1343. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2292790. Epub 2023 Dec 26.
Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases in both developed and underdeveloped countries with a 9.3% prevalence. Unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles are among the most common reasons for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diet plays a crucial role in both the etiology and treatment of T2DM. There are several recommendations regarding the carbohydrate intake of patients with T2DM. One of them is about reducing the total carbohydrate intake and/or changing the type of carbohydrate to reduce the glycaemic index. Cereals are good sources of carbohydrates in the diet with a significant amount of soluble and non-soluble fiber content. Apart from fiber, it has been shown that the bioactive compounds present in cereals such as proteins, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and tocols have beneficial impacts in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Moreover, cereal by-products especially the by-products of milling processes, which are bran and germ, have been reported to have anti-diabetic activities mainly because of their fiber and polyphenols content. Considering the potential functions of cereals in patients with T2DM, this review focuses on the roles of cereal bioactive compounds in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
糖尿病是发达国家和不发达国家中最常见的非传染性疾病之一，患病率为9.3%。不健康的饮食和久坐不动的生活方式是2型糖尿病（T2DM）最常见的原因。饮食在T2DM的病因和治疗中都起着至关重要的作用。关于T2DM患者的碳水化合物摄入量有多项建议。其中之一是减少总碳水化合物摄入量和/或改变碳水化合物类型以降低血糖指数。谷物是饮食中碳水化合物的良好来源，含有大量的可溶性和不可溶性纤维。除了纤维，研究表明谷物中存在的生物活性化合物，如蛋白质、酚类化合物、类胡萝卜素和生育三烯酚，对T2DM的预防和治疗具有有益影响。此外，谷物副产品，特别是碾磨过程的副产品，即麸皮和胚芽，据报道具有抗糖尿病活性，主要是因为它们的纤维和多酚含量。考虑到谷物对T2DM患者的潜在作用，本综述重点关注谷物生物活性化合物在2型糖尿病预防和治疗中的作用。
