Takahashi Toshihito, Hatta Kodai, Ikebe Kazunori
Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2023 Dec;59:203-208. doi: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.06.006. Epub 2023 Jun 29.
Cognitive impairment and subsequent dementia are the major causes of disability and need for nursing care among older people in worldwide. The purpose is to review well-known risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia, focusing on the relationship between decline in oral function and current prevention strategies. Various non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors are related to cognitive impairment. Effects of oral function to cognitive impairment is not yet well recognized in the medical community, although masticatory function, occlusal force, and number of teeth have been reported to be related to cognitive function. Furthermore, occlusal force rather than number of teeth was significantly related to the early stages of cognitive impairment, and that a decline in occlusal force seemed to lead to cognitive impairment directly and indirectly through dietary intake. This relationship was significant only for occlusal force, which may be associated with the early stages of cognitive decline. Nutritional change caused by reduced masticatory function is suggested as a possible explanation. Therefore, rehabilitation or maintenance of oral function should be sought to prevent cognitive impairment.
认知障碍及随后的痴呆症是全球老年人残疾和需要护理的主要原因。目的是回顾认知障碍和痴呆症的知名危险因素，重点关注口腔功能衰退与当前预防策略之间的关系。各种不可改变和可改变的危险因素与认知障碍有关。尽管据报道咀嚼功能、咬合力和牙齿数量与认知功能有关，但口腔功能对认知障碍的影响在医学界尚未得到充分认识。此外，咬合力而非牙齿数量与认知障碍的早期阶段显著相关，咬合力的下降似乎通过饮食摄入直接或间接导致认知障碍。这种关系仅在咬合力方面显著，这可能与认知衰退的早期阶段有关。咀嚼功能降低引起的营养变化被认为是一种可能的解释。因此，应寻求恢复或维持口腔功能以预防认知障碍。
