Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2023;135:15-20. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-36084-8_4.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are common amongst neurosurgeons and can affect a surgeon's ability to operate. Performing surgical ergonomics research is important to minimize the prevalence and effect of WMSDs on the surgeons. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the most important objective and subjective tools available for surgical ergonomics research. Subjective tools can be divided into three categories: (1) questionnaires (either validated or non-validated) filled out by the participants, (2) survey assessments/standardized scoring systems filled out by the researchers, and (3) video analysis. Subjective tools have the drawbacks of recall bias and intra-rater and inter-rater variability. Some of the most important objective tools available are surface electromyography, force plate/pressure sensors analysis, inertial measurement units (IMUs) and kinematics data capturing using reflective markers. Although these modalities do not have the drawbacks that hinder the use of subjective tools, using most of them in the real-life operating theatre, with the exception of IMUs, is challenging. Conducting surgical ergonomics research is important to optimize the performance of neurosurgeons. The advancements towards wearable, wireless technologies will make it easier for surgeons to perform ergonomics research in the operating room.
工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSD）在神经外科医生中很常见，并且可能会影响医生的手术能力。进行手术工效学研究对于减少 WMSD 的发生率和对医生的影响非常重要。本文的目的是强调一些用于手术工效学研究的最重要的客观和主观工具。主观工具可以分为三类：（1）参与者填写的问卷（已验证或未验证），（2）由研究人员填写的调查评估/标准化评分系统，（3）视频分析。主观工具具有回忆偏倚和内部评分者和外部评分者变异性的缺点。一些最常用的客观工具包括表面肌电图、测力板/压力传感器分析、惯性测量单元（IMU）和使用反光标记的运动学数据捕捉。尽管这些方式没有主观工具所存在的阻碍使用的缺点，但除了 IMU 之外，在现实中的手术室中使用它们中的大多数都具有挑战性。进行手术工效学研究对于优化神经外科医生的手术效果非常重要。可穿戴、无线技术的进步将使外科医生更容易在手术室中进行工效学研究。
