Rawn Dorothea F K, Corrigan Catherine, Ménard Cathie, Sun Wing-Fung, Breton François, Arbuckle Tye E
Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Sir Frederick Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Address Locator 2203C, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Sir Frederick Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Address Locator 2203C, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
Chemosphere. 2024 Feb;350:141065. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141065. Epub 2023 Dec 28.
Novel halogenated flame retardants (NHFRs) have been developed to replace those brominated flame retardants that have been restricted due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential and toxicity, therefore, it is important to determine whether these replacement products are present at detectable concentrations in Canadians. NHFRs were measured in human milk samples (n = 541) collected from across Canada between 2008 and 2011, which is the first pan-Canadian dataset for these chemicals in human milk. Among the 15 measured NHFRs and eight methoxy-polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs), nine NHFRs and two MeO-PBDEs (6-MeO-PBDE 47 and 2-MeO-PBDE 68) were detected at a frequency of more than 9%. Despite benzene, 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis [2,3,4,5,6-pentabromo-]/decabromodiphenylethane [DBDPE] being detected less frequently than the other observed NHFRs, its relative contribution to the sum of nine NHFRs was important when it was present. The maximum ΣNHFR concentration in Canadian human milk was 6930 pg g lipid while the maximum ΣMeO-PBDEs was 1600 pg g lipid. While most NHFR concentrations were significantly correlated with each other, no relationships between maternal age, parity or pre-pregnancy BMI were identified with ΣNHFR concentrations in the milk. In contrast, maternal age was significantly correlated with ΣMeO-PBDE concentrations (r = 0.237, p < 0.001). ΣNHFR concentrations were similarly not related to maternal education, although ΣMeO-PBDE concentrations were found to be higher in milk from women who had graduated from trade schools relative to the other education levels considered. NHFR detection frequency and concentrations observed in the Canadian human milk seem to align well with Europe.
新型卤代阻燃剂（NHFRs）已被开发出来，以取代那些因持久性、生物累积潜力和毒性而受到限制的溴化阻燃剂，因此，确定这些替代产品在加拿大人体内是否以可检测的浓度存在非常重要。对2008年至2011年期间从加拿大各地收集的母乳样本（n = 541）进行了NHFRs检测，这是加拿大首个关于母乳中这些化学物质的全加拿大数据集。在检测的15种NHFRs和8种甲氧基多溴二苯醚（MeO-PBDEs）中，9种NHFRs和2种MeO-PBDEs（6-MeO-PBDE 47和2-MeO-PBDE 68）的检出频率超过9%。尽管苯、1,1'-（1,2-乙二基）双[2,3,4,5,6-五溴-]/十溴二苯乙烷[DBDPE]的检出频率低于其他观察到的NHFRs，但当它存在时，其对9种NHFRs总和的相对贡献很大。加拿大母乳中NHFRs的最大浓度为6930 pg/g脂质，而MeO-PBDEs的最大浓度为1600 pg/g脂质。虽然大多数NHFR浓度之间存在显著相关性，但未发现产妇年龄、胎次或孕前BMI与母乳中NHFRs浓度之间存在关联。相比之下，产妇年龄与MeO-PBDEs浓度显著相关（r = 0.237，p < 0.001）。NHFRs浓度同样与产妇教育程度无关，尽管发现相对于其他考虑的教育水平，职业学校毕业女性的母乳中MeO-PBDEs浓度更高。在加拿大母乳中观察到的NHFRs检出频率和浓度似乎与欧洲情况非常吻合。
