Department of Diagnostic and Health Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
Biotech Histochem. 2024 Nov;99(1):49-58. doi: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2300797. Epub 2024 Jan 9.
The application of most chemical fixatives, such as formalin, in the anatomic pathology laboratory requires safety training and hazardous chemical monitoring due to the toxicity and health risks associated with their use. Consequently, the use of formalin has been banned in most applications in Europe; the primary exception is its use in the histology laboratory in lieu of a suitable and safer alternative. Glyoxal based solutions, several of which are available commercially, are the most promising alternative fixatives, because they are based on a mechanism of fixation similar to that of formalin. Unlike formalin, however, glyoxal based solutions do not dissociate from water and therefore do not require ventilation measures such as a fume hood. A primary barrier to the adoption of commercially available glyoxal based solutions is their low pH, which can produce undesirable morphological and antigenic tissue alterations; however, a recently available neutral pH glyoxal product (glyoxal acid free) (GAF) has been developed to mitigate the challenges of low pH. We compared the morphology and histochemistry among tissues fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, a commercially available acidic glyoxal product (Prefer), and GAF. Tissues fixed in formalin and Prefer exhibited similar morphology and staining properties; tissues fixed with 2% GAF exhibited deleterious effects.
大多数化学固定剂，如福尔马林，在解剖病理学实验室中的应用需要安全培训和危险化学物质监测，因为它们的使用与毒性和健康风险有关。因此，福尔马林在欧洲的大多数应用中已经被禁止；主要的例外是在组织学实验室中代替合适且更安全的替代品使用。基于乙醛的溶液，其中有几种可商购获得，是最有前途的替代固定剂，因为它们基于与福尔马林相似的固定机制。然而，与福尔马林不同，基于乙醛的溶液不会与水分离，因此不需要通风措施，如通风柜。采用市售基于乙醛的溶液的主要障碍是其低 pH 值，这可能导致组织形态和抗原性的不良改变；然而，最近开发了一种中性 pH 值的基于乙醛的产品（无乙醛酸）（GAF），以减轻低 pH 值的挑战。我们比较了在 10%中性缓冲福尔马林、市售酸性乙醛产品（Prefer）和 GAF 中固定的组织之间的形态和组织化学。在福尔马林和 Prefer 中固定的组织表现出相似的形态和染色特性；在 2%GAF 中固定的组织表现出有害影响。
