Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 2;14(1):275. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49927-z.
Lodging is one of the most important limiting environmental factors for achieving the maximum yield and quality of grains in cereals, including wheat. However, little is known about the genetic foundation underlying lodging resistance (LR) in wheat. In this study, 208 landraces and 90 cultivars were phenotyped in two cropping seasons (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) for 19 LR-related traits. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomics prediction were carried out to dissect the genomic regions of LR. The number of significant marker pairs (MPs) was highest for genome B in both landraces (427,017) and cultivars (37,359). The strongest linkage disequilibrium (LD) between marker pairs was found on chromosome 4A (0.318). For stem lodging-related traits, 465, 497, and 478 marker-trait associations (MTAs) and 45 candidate genes were identified in year 1, year 2, and pooled. Gene ontology exhibited genomic region on Chr. 2B, 6B, and 7B control lodging. Most of these genes have key roles in defense response, calcium ion transmembrane transport, carbohydrate metabolic process, nitrogen compound metabolic process, and some genes harbor unknown functions that, all together may respond to lodging as a complex network. The module associated with starch and sucrose biosynthesis was highlighted. Regarding genomic prediction, the GBLUP model performed better than BRR and RRBLUP. This suggests that GBLUP would be a good tool for wheat genome selection. As a result of these findings, it has been possible to identify pivotal QTLs and genes that could be used to improve stem lodging resistance in Triticum aestivum L.
lodging 是限制谷物（包括小麦）获得最高产量和品质的最重要环境因素之一。然而，人们对小麦抗倒伏性（LR）的遗传基础知之甚少。本研究在两个种植季节（2018-2019 年和 2019-2020 年）对 208 个地方品种和 90 个品种进行了 19 个与 LR 相关性状的表型分析。进行了全基因组关联研究（GWAS）和基因组预测，以剖析 LR 的基因组区域。在地方品种和品种中，基因组 B 的显著标记对（MP）数量最高（分别为 427017 和 37359）。标记对之间最强的连锁不平衡（LD）位于 4A 染色体上（0.318）。对于茎倒伏相关性状，在第 1 年、第 2 年和合并中，分别鉴定到 465、497 和 478 个标记-性状关联（MTA）和 45 个候选基因。基因本体论显示 Chr.2B、6B 和 7B 上的基因组区域控制倒伏。这些基因大多数在防御反应、钙离子跨膜运输、碳水化合物代谢过程、氮化合物代谢过程中具有关键作用，并且一些基因具有未知功能，它们可能作为一个复杂的网络共同响应倒伏。突出了与淀粉和蔗糖生物合成相关的模块。关于基因组预测，GBLUP 模型比 BRR 和 RRBLUP 表现更好。这表明 GBLUP 将是小麦基因组选择的一个很好的工具。由于这些发现，已经可以鉴定出关键的 QTLs 和基因，这些 QTLs 和基因可以用来提高小麦的茎倒伏抗性。
