Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 7;11(1):17742. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96576-1.
Understanding the genetic basis of performance stability is essential to maintain productivity, especially under severe conditions. In the present study, 268 Iranian bread wheat landraces and cultivars were evaluated in four well-watered and two rain-fed conditions for different traits. According to breeding programs, cultivars were in a group with a high mean and stability in terms of GY, GN, and SW traits, while in terms of PH, they had a low mean and high stability. The stability of cultivars and landraces was related to dynamic and static stability, respectively. The highest number of marker pairs and lowest LD decay distance in both cultivars and landraces was observed on the B genome. Population structure differentiated indigenous cultivars and landraces, and the GWAS results for each were almost different despite the commonalities. Chromosomes 1B, 3B, 7B, 2A, and 4A had markers with pleiotropic effects on the stability of different traits. Due to two rain-fed environments, the Gene Ontology (GO) confirmed the accuracy of the results. The identified markers in this study can be helpful in breeding high-performance and stable genotypes and future breeding programs such as fine mapping and cloning.
了解表现稳定性的遗传基础对于维持生产力至关重要，特别是在恶劣条件下。在本研究中，对 268 份伊朗面包小麦地方品种和栽培品种在四个充分灌溉和两个雨养条件下进行了不同性状的评估。根据育种计划，品种在产量、穗粒数和穗重性状方面的平均值和稳定性较高，而在株高方面，平均值较低但稳定性较高。品种和地方品种的稳定性与动态和静态稳定性有关。在品种和地方品种中，B 基因组观察到的标记对数量最多，LD 衰减距离最短。种群结构区分了本地品种和地方品种，尽管存在共性，但每个品种的 GWAS 结果几乎不同。染色体 1B、3B、7B、2A 和 4A 上的标记对不同性状的稳定性具有多效性影响。由于有两个雨养环境，基因本体论（GO）证实了结果的准确性。本研究中鉴定的标记可用于培育高性能和稳定基因型，并可用于未来的育种计划，如精细图谱和克隆。
