Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2024;284:313-328. doi: 10.1007/164_2023_703.
Respiratory diseases are a major concern in public health, impacting a large population worldwide. Despite the availability of therapies that alleviate symptoms, selectively addressing the critical points of pathopathways remains a major challenge. Innovative formulations designed for reaching these targets within the airways, enhanced selectivity, and prolonged therapeutic effects offer promising solutions. To provide insights into the specific medical requirements of chronic respiratory diseases, the initial focus of this chapter is directed on lung physiology, emphasizing the significance of lung barriers. Current treatments involving small molecules and the potential of gene therapy are also discussed. Additionally, we will explore targeting approaches, with a particular emphasis on nanoparticles, comparing targeted and non-targeted formulations for pulmonary administration. Finally, the potential of inhaled sphingolipids in the context of respiratory diseases is briefly discussed, highlighting their promising prospects in the field.
呼吸系统疾病是公共卫生关注的主要问题，影响着全球大量人口。尽管有缓解症状的治疗方法，但有选择地针对病理途径的关键点仍然是一个主要挑战。针对这些目标在气道内给药的创新制剂，提高了选择性并延长了治疗效果，提供了有前景的解决方案。为了深入了解慢性呼吸系统疾病的具体医学要求，本章首先关注肺生理学，强调肺屏障的重要性。还讨论了涉及小分子的当前治疗方法和基因治疗的潜力。此外，我们还将探讨靶向方法，特别关注纳米颗粒，比较肺部给药的靶向和非靶向制剂。最后，简要讨论了鞘脂类在呼吸系统疾病中的应用潜力，突出了它们在该领域的广阔前景。
