Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
BMC Med Educ. 2024 Jan 4;24(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12909-023-04993-9.
The shortage of public health personnel and the uneven distribution between urban and rural areas are thorny issues in China. Master of public health (MPH) is an integral part of public health human resources in the future, and it is of far-reaching significance to discuss their work preferences. The present study wants to investigate the job preference of MPH, understand the relative importance of different job attributes, and then put forward targeted incentive measures.
Discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used to evaluate the job preference of MPHs in two medical colleges in Liaoning Province. Attributes include employment location, bianzhi, working environment, career development prospects, work value and monthly income. Thirty-six choice sets were developed using a fractional factorial design. Mixed logit models were used to analysis the DCE data.
The final sample comprised 327 MPHs. All the attributes and levels included in the study are statistically significant. Monthly income is the most important factor for MPHs. For non-economic factors, they value career development prospects most, followed by the employment location. Respondents' preferences are heterogeneous and influenced by individual characteristics. Subgroup analysis showed that respondents from different family backgrounds have different job preferences. Policy simulation suggested that respondents were most sensitive to a salary increase, and the combination of several non-economic factors can also achieve the same effect.
Economic factors and non-economic factors significantly affect the job preference of MPHs. To alleviate the shortage and uneven distribution of public health personnel, more effective policy intervention should comprehensively consider the incentive measures of the work itself and pay attention to the individual characteristics and family backgrounds of the target object.
公共卫生人员短缺和城乡分布不均是中国的棘手问题。公共卫生硕士（MPH）是未来公共卫生人力资源的重要组成部分，探讨他们的工作偏好具有深远意义。本研究旨在调查 MPH 的工作偏好，了解不同工作属性的相对重要性，然后提出有针对性的激励措施。
采用离散选择实验（DCE）对辽宁省两所医学院校的 MPH 进行工作偏好评估。属性包括就业地点、编制、工作环境、职业发展前景、工作价值和月收入。采用分面设计开发了 36 个选择集。使用混合 logit 模型对 DCE 数据进行分析。
最终样本包括 327 名 MPH。研究中包含的所有属性和水平均具有统计学意义。月收入是 MPH 最重要的因素。对于非经济因素，他们最看重职业发展前景，其次是就业地点。受访者的偏好存在异质性，受到个体特征的影响。亚组分析表明，来自不同家庭背景的受访者有不同的工作偏好。政策模拟表明，受访者对工资增长最敏感，同时，多种非经济因素的组合也可以达到相同的效果。
经济因素和非经济因素显著影响 MPH 的工作偏好。为了缓解公共卫生人员短缺和分布不均的问题，更有效的政策干预应综合考虑工作本身的激励措施，并关注目标对象的个体特征和家庭背景。
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