Gebrerufael Gebru Gebremeskel, Hagos Bsrat Tesfay
Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Adv Hematol. 2023 Dec 9;2023:2900483. doi: 10.1155/2023/2900483. eCollection 2023.
In Sub-Saharan African (SSA) nations, including Ethiopia, anemia is a significant public health issue. Ethiopia has continued to bear the enormous burden of anemia infections. Over time, the prevalence of anemia has significantly increased in Ethiopia. In addition, there is a paucity of literature and regional variations in the pace of increment expansion. Therefore, the primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia and risk factors among women in Ethiopia's two most anemic regions.
2,519 women participated in a community-based cross-sectional study from January 18 to June 27, 2016. In order to determine the causes of anemia in women in two of Ethiopia's most anemic regions, an ordinal logistic regression model was taken into consideration. The applicability of the proportional odds test was evaluated using the chi-square test of the parallelism assumption. A value of 0.05 or below was used to define crucial and statistically significant predictor variables.
The overall prevalence rate of anemia was 56.8% (95% CI (54.8%-58.7%)). The chi-square test of the parallelism assumption indicated that the odds ratios were constant across all cut-off points of women's anemia levels at a 5% significance level ( value = 0.122). Of the severity of anemia levels among women, 48.2, 46.1, and 5.7% had mild, moderate, and severe anemia levels, respectively. In multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses, being born (lived) in the Somali region (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.90), having a parity of 4-5 (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.66), and having ≥6 children (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.7), being a contraceptive user (AOR = 3, 95% CI: 2.5, 3.6), being currently pregnant (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 2.3, 3.4), having no ANC follow-up (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.6, 2.3), being married women (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.9), and user of unimproved toilet facility (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.6) were significantly positively associated with anemia.
Finally, the anemia burden was dangerously greater than the national average. The region, usage of contraceptives, being pregnant at the time, ANC follow-up, toilet facilities, parity, and marital status all had a substantial impact on anemia. Therefore, to lessen the prevalence of anemia in certain parts of Ethiopia, public health initiatives that improve maternal health service utilization are required, such as ANC follow-up to minimize parity.
在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）国家，贫血是一个重大的公共卫生问题。埃塞俄比亚一直承受着贫血感染的巨大负担。随着时间的推移，埃塞俄比亚贫血的患病率显著上升。此外，关于贫血患病率增长速度的文献匮乏，且存在地区差异。因此，本研究的主要目的是评估埃塞俄比亚两个贫血最严重地区妇女的贫血患病率及危险因素。
2016年1月18日至6月27日，2519名妇女参与了一项基于社区的横断面研究。为了确定埃塞俄比亚两个贫血最严重地区妇女贫血的原因，考虑采用有序逻辑回归模型。使用平行性假设的卡方检验评估比例优势检验的适用性。采用0.05或更低的值来定义关键且具有统计学意义的预测变量。
贫血的总体患病率为56.8%（95%置信区间（54.8%-58.7%））。平行性假设的卡方检验表明，在5%的显著性水平下，妇女贫血水平的所有切点处的优势比均保持恒定（P值 = 0.122）。在妇女贫血水平的严重程度中，分别有48.2%、46.1%和5.7%的妇女患有轻度、中度和重度贫血。在多变量有序逻辑回归分析中，出生（居住）在索马里地区（调整后比值比（AOR）= 1.6，95%置信区间：1.37，1.90）、生育4 - 5胎（AOR = 1.3，95%置信区间：1.05，1.66）、生育≥6个孩子（AOR = 1.4，95%置信区间：1.1，1.7）、使用避孕药具（AOR = 3, 95%置信区间：2.5, 3.6）、当前怀孕（AOR = 2.8, 95%置信区间：2.3, 3.4）、未进行产前检查（AOR = 1.9, 95%置信区间：1.6, 2.3）、已婚妇女（AOR = 1.4, 95%置信区间：1.1, 1.9）以及使用未改善的卫生设施（AOR = 1.3, 95%置信区间：1.1, 1.6）与贫血显著正相关。
最后，贫血负担比全国平均水平危险地更高。地区、避孕药具的使用、当时是否怀孕、产前检查、卫生设施、生育胎次和婚姻状况均对贫血有重大影响。因此，为降低埃塞俄比亚某些地区的贫血患病率，需要开展改善孕产妇保健服务利用的公共卫生举措，如进行产前检查以尽量减少生育胎次。
