Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Int J Cancer. 2024 May 1;154(9):1579-1586. doi: 10.1002/ijc.34835. Epub 2024 Jan 5.
Fine particulate matter (PM ) contains carcinogens similar to those generated by tobacco smoking, which may increase the risks of developing smoking-related cancers, such as upper aerodigestive track (UADT) cancers, for both smokers and never-smokers. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the relation between ambient PM exposure and risk of UADT cancers. A population-based case-control study involving 565 incident UADT cancer cases and 983 controls was conducted in Los Angeles County from 1999 to 2004. The average residential PM concentration 1 year before the diagnosis date for cases and the reference date for controls was assessed using a chemical transport model. The association between ambient PM and the UADT cancers was estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for confounders at the individual and block-group level. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, tobacco smoking status and UADT subsites. We also assessed the interaction between PM and tobacco smoking on UADT cancers. PM concentrations were associated with an elevated odds of UADT cancers (adjusted odds ratio = 1.21 per interquartile range [4.5 μg/m ] increase; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.44). The association between PM and UADT cancers was similar across UADT subsites, sex and tobacco smoking status. The interaction between PM and tobacco smoking on UADT cancers was approximately additive on the odds scale. The effect estimate for PM and UADT cancers was similar among never smokers. Our findings support the hypothesis that exposure to PM increases the risk of UADT cancers. Improvements in air quality may reduce the risk of UADT cancers.
细颗粒物（PM）含有与吸烟产生的类似致癌物质，这可能会增加吸烟者和不吸烟者患与吸烟有关的癌症（如上呼吸道和消化道癌症）的风险。因此，了解环境 PM 暴露与上呼吸道和消化道癌症风险之间的关系至关重要。1999 年至 2004 年，在洛杉矶县进行了一项基于人群的病例对照研究，涉及 565 例新发上呼吸道和消化道癌症病例和 983 名对照。使用化学传输模型评估病例诊断日期前 1 年和对照参考日期的平均居住 PM 浓度。使用非条件逻辑回归估计环境 PM 与上呼吸道和消化道癌症之间的关联，并调整个体和街区组水平的混杂因素。按性别、吸烟状况和上呼吸道和消化道癌症亚部位进行分层分析。我们还评估了 PM 和吸烟对上呼吸道和消化道癌症的相互作用。PM 浓度与上呼吸道和消化道癌症的发病风险呈正相关（调整后的比值比=每四分位距增加 4.5μg/m3 的 1.21；95%置信区间：1.02，1.44）。PM 与上呼吸道和消化道癌症之间的关联在上呼吸道和消化道癌症亚部位、性别和吸烟状况方面相似。PM 和吸烟对上呼吸道和消化道癌症的相互作用在优势比上大致为相加性。PM 和上呼吸道和消化道癌症之间的效应估计值在从不吸烟者中相似。我们的研究结果支持以下假设：暴露于 PM 会增加上呼吸道和消化道癌症的风险。空气质量的改善可能会降低上呼吸道和消化道癌症的风险。
