Ristanović Ljubica, Cuk Ivan, Villiger Elias, Stojiljković Stanimir, Nikolaidis Pantelis T, Weiss Katja, Knechtle Beat
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Front Psychol. 2023 Dec 21;14:1273451. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1273451. eCollection 2023.
Many studies indicate a considerable impact of optimal pacing on long-distance running performance. Given that the amount of carbohydrates in metabolic processes increases supralinearly with the running intensity, we may observe differences between the pacing strategies of two long-distance races and different performance levels of runners. Accordingly, the present study aimed to examine the differences in pacing strategies between marathon and half-marathon races regarding the performance levels of runners.
The official results and split times from a total of 208,760 (marathon, = 75,492; half-marathon, = 133,268) finishers in the "Vienna City Marathon" between 2006 and 2018 were analyzed. The percentage of the average change of speed for each of the five segments (CS 1-5), as well as the absolute change of speed (ACS) were calculated. The CS 1-5 for the marathon are as follows: up to the 10th km, 10th - 20th km, 20th - 30th km, 30th - 40th km, and from the 40th km to the 42.195 km. For the half-marathon, the CS 1-5 are half of the marathon values. Four performance groups were created as quartiles of placement separately for sexes and races: high-level (HL), moderate to high-level (MHL), moderate to low-level (MLL), and low-level (LL).
Positive pacing strategies (i.e., decrease of speed) were observed in all performance groups of both sex and race. Across CS 1-5, significant main effects ( < 0.001) were observed for the segment, performance level, and their interaction in both sex and race groups. All LL groups demonstrated higher ACS (men 7.9 and 6.05%, as well as women 5.83 and 5.49%, in marathon and half-marathon, respectively), while the HL performance group showed significantly lower ACS (men 4.14 and 2.97%, as well as women 3.16 and 2.77%, in marathon and half-marathon, respectively). Significant main effects ( < 0.001) for the race were observed but with a low effect size in women (ŋ = 0.001).
Better runners showed more even pacing than slower runners. The half-marathoners showed more even pacing than the marathoners across all performance groups but with a trivial practical significance in women.
许多研究表明最佳配速对长跑成绩有显著影响。鉴于代谢过程中碳水化合物的量随跑步强度超线性增加，我们可能会观察到两项长跑比赛的配速策略以及不同水平跑步者之间的差异。因此，本研究旨在探讨马拉松和半程马拉松比赛在跑步者成绩水平方面的配速策略差异。
分析了2006年至2018年“维也纳城市马拉松”中总共208,760名完赛者（马拉松，n = 75,492；半程马拉松，n = 133,268）的官方成绩和分段时间。计算了五个分段（CS 1 - 5）中每个分段速度的平均变化百分比以及速度的绝对变化（ACS）。马拉松的CS 1 - 5如下：到10公里处、10公里至20公里处、20公里至30公里处、30公里至40公里处以及从40公里至42.195公里处。对于半程马拉松，CS 1 - 5是马拉松对应值的一半。根据性别和比赛分别将成绩分为四个四分位数组：高水平（HL）、中高水平（MHL）、中低水平（MLL）和低水平（LL）。
在性别和比赛的所有成绩组中均观察到正向配速策略（即速度降低）。在CS 1 - 5中，在性别和比赛组中，分段、成绩水平及其交互作用均观察到显著的主效应（p < 0.001）。所有低水平组的ACS更高（马拉松中男性为7.9%和6.05%，女性为5.83%和5.49%；半程马拉松中男性为4.14%和2.97%，女性为3.16%和2.77%），而高水平成绩组的ACS显著更低（马拉松中男性为4.14%和2.97%，女性为3.16%和2.77%；半程马拉松中男性为4.14%和2.97%，女性为3.16%和2.77%）。观察到比赛的显著主效应（p < 0.001），但在女性中的效应量较低（ŋ = 0.001）。
优秀的跑步者比速度较慢的跑步者配速更均匀。在所有成绩组中，半程马拉松跑者比马拉松跑者配速更均匀，但在女性中实际意义不大。
