Kelemen Bence, Tóth Renátó, Benczenleitner Ottó, Tóth László
School of Doctoral Studies, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary.
Institute of Sports Sciences, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger, Hungary.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Nov 15;6:1456504. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1456504. eCollection 2024.
The present study aimed to investigate the mental and sports psychological preparation, as well as tactical preparation, of distance runners for competition. We examined whether there are differences based on gender, competition level and various race disciplines, as well as how mental preparation influences sports skills applicable in different competitive situations.
The sample consisted of 201 distance runners who completed the Sports Mental Training Questionnaire (SMTQ) alongside assessments of their sports psychology and race tactics.
The results indicated that neither gender, competition level, nor race discipline had a significant impact on mental preparedness. However, women demonstrated notably higher scores in the use of self-talk as a mental technique. Additionally, participants who received training in sports psychology scored significantly higher across several mental skills, as well as on the overall mental preparedness score.
This article validates the SMTQ and its association with mental readiness, as confirmatory factor analysis demonstrates adequate validity. Additionally, mental preparation was found to enhance performance and well-being among distance runners. Further research is needed to explore the impact of group interventions to broaden the reach of mental training programs.
本研究旨在调查长跑运动员比赛时的心理、运动心理准备以及战术准备情况。我们研究了这些方面是否因性别、比赛水平、不同的比赛项目而存在差异，以及心理准备如何影响在不同竞争情境中适用的运动技能。
样本包括201名长跑运动员，他们完成了运动心理训练问卷（SMTQ）以及运动心理学和比赛战术评估。
结果表明，性别、比赛水平和比赛项目对心理准备均无显著影响。然而，女性在使用自我对话作为心理技巧方面得分明显更高。此外，接受过运动心理学培训的参与者在多项心理技能以及总体心理准备得分上显著更高。
本文验证了运动心理训练问卷（SMTQ）及其与心理准备状态的关联，因为验证性因素分析显示出足够的效度。此外，发现心理准备可提高长跑运动员的表现和幸福感。需要进一步研究以探索团体干预的影响，从而扩大心理训练项目的覆盖范围。
