Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R.K. Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Mar 1;914:169933. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169933. Epub 2024 Jan 8.
An abundant body of scientific studies and regulatory guidelines substantiates antimicrobial efficacy of freshwater chlorination ensuring drinking water safety in large populations worldwide. In contrast to the purposeful use of chlorination ensuring antimicrobial safety of drinking water, only a limited body of research has addressed the molecular impact of chlorinated drinking water exposure on the gut microbiota. Here, for the first time, we have examined the differential effects of drinking water regimens stratified by chlorination agent [inorganic (HOCl) versus chloramine (TCIC)] on the C57BL/6J murine fecal microbiota. To this end, we exposed C57BL/6J mice to chlorinated drinking water regimens followed by fecal bacterial microbiota analysis at the end of the three-week feeding period employing 16S rRNA sequencing. α-diversity was strongly reduced when comparing chlorinated versus control drinking water groups and community dissimilarities (β-diversity) were significant between groups even when comparing HOCl and TCIC. We detected significant differences in fecal bacterial composition as a function of drinking water chlorination observable at the phylum and genus levels. Differential abundance analysis of select amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) revealed changes as a function of chlorination exposure [up: Lactobacillus ASV1; Akkermansia muciniphila ASV7; Clostridium ss1 ASV10; down: Ileibacterium valens ASV5; Desulfovibrio ASV11; Lachnospiraceae UCG-006 ASV15]. Given the established complexity of murine and human gastrointestinal microbiota and their role in health and disease, the translational relevance of the chlorination-induced changes documented by us for the first time in the fecal murine microbiota remains to be explored.
大量的科学研究和监管指南证实了淡水氯化的抗菌功效，确保了全球范围内大量人群的饮用水安全。与旨在确保饮用水抗菌安全性的氯化用途不同，只有有限的研究涉及氯化饮用水暴露对肠道微生物群的分子影响。在这里，我们首次研究了按氯化剂（无机（HOCl）与氯胺（TCIC））分层的饮用水方案对 C57BL/6J 鼠粪便微生物群的差异影响。为此，我们使 C57BL/6J 小鼠暴露于氯化饮用水方案中，然后在为期三周的喂养期结束时进行粪便细菌微生物群分析，采用 16S rRNA 测序。与对照组相比，氯化组的α多样性显著降低，即使比较 HOCl 和 TCIC，群落差异（β多样性）也在组间具有显著性。我们检测到粪便细菌组成因饮用水氯化而发生的显著差异，在门和属水平上均可观察到。选择扩增子序列变体（ASV）的差异丰度分析揭示了因氯化暴露而发生的变化[上调：乳杆菌 ASV1；阿克曼氏菌 ASV7；梭菌 ss1 ASV10；下调：伊氏杆菌 ASV5；脱硫弧菌 ASV11；Lachnospiraceae UCG-006 ASV15]。鉴于鼠和人类胃肠道微生物群的复杂性及其在健康和疾病中的作用，我们首次在粪便鼠微生物群中记录的氯化诱导变化的转化相关性仍有待探索。
